Anti-PAK1 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro647 Conjugated

Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAK1 gene. PAK proteins are critical effectors that link RhoGTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling. PAK proteins, a family of serine/threonine p21-activated kinases, include PAK1, PAK2, PAK3 and PAK4. These proteins serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac and have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities. PAK1 regulates cell motility and morphology. Alternative transcripts of this gene have been found, but their full-length natures have not yet been determined. The PAK1 gene is mapped to 11q13-q14 by inclusion within a mapped clone.

Apoptosis, Cancer, Cell Biology, G Protein Signaling, Host-Virus Interaction, Interspecies Interaction, Intracellular, Kinases, Microbiology, Neural Signal Transduction, Neurology Process, Neuroscience, Protein Phosphorylation, Ras Family, Ser/Thr Kinases, Serine/Threonine Kinases, Signal Transduction, Signaling Pathway, Small G Proteins

Protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling pathways downstream of integrins and receptor-type kinases that plays an important role in cytoskeleton dynamics, in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis, and in vesicle-mediated transport processes. Can ly phosphorylate BAD and protects cells against apoptosis. Activated by interaction with CDC42 and RAC1. Functions as GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Phosphorylates and activates MAP2K1, and thereby mediates activation of downstream MAP kinases. Involved in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, actin stress fibers and of focal adhesion complexes. Phosphorylates the tubulin chaperone TBCB and thereby plays a role in the regulation of microtubule biogenesis and organization of the tubulin cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in response to elevated glucose levels. Part of a ternary complex that contains PAK1, DVL1 and MUSK that is important for MUSK-dependent regulation of AChR clustering during the formation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) . Activity is inhibited in cells undergoing apoptosis, potentially due to binding of CDC2L1 and CDC2L2. Phosphorylates MYL9/MLC2. Phosphorylates RAF1 at 'Ser-338' and 'Ser-339' resulting in: activation of RAF1, stimulation of RAF1 translocation to mitochondria, phosphorylation of BAD by RAF1, and RAF1 binding to BCL2. Phosphorylates SNAI1 at 'Ser-246' promoting its transcriptional repressor activity by increasing its accumulation in the nucleus. In podocytes, promotes NR3C2 nuclear localization. Required for atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2- induced phosphorylation of LIMK1 and cofilin (CFL1) and for the up-regulation of ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. In synapses, seems to mediate the regulation of F- actin cluster formation performed by SHANK3, maybe through CFL1 phosphorylation and inactivation. .

1. Brown JL, Stowers L, Baer M, Trejo J, Coughlin S, Chant J (Mar 1997) . Human Ste20 homologue hPAK1 links GTPases to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Curr Biol 6 (5) : 598–605. 2. Bekri S, Adelaide J, Merscher S, Grosgeorge J, Caroli-Bosc F, Perucca-Lostanlen D, Kelley PM, Pebusque MJ, Theillet C, Birnbaum D, Gaudray P (Apr 1998) . Detailed map of a region commonly amplified at 11q13-->q14 in human breast carcinoma. Cytogenet Cell Genet 79 (1–2) : 125–31. 3. Entrez Gene: PAK1 p21/Cdc42/Rac1-activated kinase 1 (STE20 homolog, yeast) . 4. Bekri, S., Adelaide, J., Merscher, S., Grosgeorge, J., Caroli-Bosc, F., Perucca-Lostanlen, D., Kelley, P. M., Pebusque, M.-J., Theillet, C., Birnbaum, D., Gaudray, P. Detailed map of a region commonly amplified at 11q13-q14 in human breast carcinoma. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 79: 125-131, 1997.

Cytoplasm. Cell junction, focal adhesion. Cell membrane. Cell projection, ruffle membrane. Recruited to the cell membrane by interaction with CDC42 and RAC1. Recruited to focal adhesions upon activation. Colocalized with CIB1 within membrane ruffles during cell spreading upon readhesion to fibronectin.