Anti-Angiopoietin-related protein 1 ANGPTL1 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro647 Conjugated

ANGPTL1, Angiopoietin-related protein 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANGPTL1 gene. Angiopoietins are members of the vascular endothelial growth factor family and the only known growth factors largely specific for vascular endothelium. Angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and angiopoietin-4 participate in the formation of blood vessels. The protein encoded by this gene is another member of the angiopoietin family that is widely expressed in adult tissues with mRNA levels highest in highly vascularized tissues. This protein was found to be a secretory protein that does not act as an endothelial cell mitogen in vitro. ANGPTL1 is widely expressed in human adult tissues as a major 3.0-kb transcript and a less abundant 4.0-kb transcript.

Highly expressed in adrenal gland, placenta, thyroid gland, heart, skeletal muscle and small intestine. Weakly expressed in testis, ovary, colon, pancreas, kidney and stomach. .

Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored) . When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains) . Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling. .

1. Kim, I., Kwak, H. J., Ahn, J. E., So, J.-N., Liu, M., Koh, K. N., Koh, G. Y.Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel angiopoietin family protein, angiopoietin-3.FEBS Lett. 443: 353-356, 1999.