Anti-ERK1/MAPK3 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK3 gene.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act in a signaling cascade that regulates various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell cycle progression in response to a variety of extracellular signals. This kinase is activated by upstream kinases, resulting in its translocation to the nucleus where it phosphorylates nuclear targets. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described. MAPK3 gene is mapped to human chromosome 16 by hybrid cell panel analysis.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; MAP kinase 3; MAPK 3;2.7.11.24; ERT2; Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1; ERK-1; Insulin-stimulated MAP2 kinase; MAP kinase isoform p44; p44-MAPK; Microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase; p44-ERK1; MAPK3; ERK1, PRKM3

Alzheimer's Disease, Cytoplasmic, MAPK Pathway, Neurodegenerative Disease, Neurology Process, Neuroscience, Protein Phosphorylation, Ser/Thr Kinases, Signal Transduction, Signaling Pathways, Stem Cells, TGF Beta

Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Many of these substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation. However, other substrates are found in the cytosol as well as in other cellular organelles, and those are responsible for processes such as translation, mitosis and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of the endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC) ; as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis. The substrates include transcription factors (such as ATF2, BCL6, ELK1, ERF, FOS, HSF4 or SPZ1), cytoskeletal elements (such as CANX, CTTN, GJA1, MAP2, MAPT, PXN, SORBS3 or STMN1), regulators of apoptosis (such as BAD, BTG2, CASP9, DAPK1, IER3, MCL1 or PPARG), regulators of translation (such as EIF4EBP1) and a variety of other signaling-related molecules (like ARHGEF2, FRS2 or GRB10) . Protein kinases (such as RAF1, RPS6KA1/RSK1, RPS6KA3/RSK2, RPS6KA2/RSK3, RPS6KA6/RSK4, SYK, MKNK1/MNK1, MKNK2/MNK2, RPS6KA5/MSK1, RPS6KA4/MSK2, MAPKAPK3 or MAPKAPK5) and phosphatases (such as DUSP1, DUSP4, DUSP6 or DUSP16) are other substrates which enable the propagation the MAPK/ERK signal to additional cytosolic and nuclear targets, thereby extending the specificity of the cascade. .

1. Garcia F, Zalba G, Paez G, Encio I, de Miguel C (Apr 1999) . Molecular cloning and characterization of the human p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase gene. Genomics 50 (1) : 69–78. 2. Entrez Gene: MAPK3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3. 3. Charest, D. L., Mordret, G., Harder, K. W., Jirik, F., Pelech, S. L. Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of the human mitogen-activated protein kinase p44erk1. Molec. Cell. Biol. 13: 4679-4690, 1993.