Anti-MIF Antibody Picoband® Fluoro647 Conjugated

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, MIF, is a cytokine released by T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and the pituitary gland that serves to integrate peripheral and central inflammatory responses. MIF gene has 3 exons separated by introns of only 189 and 95 bp, and covers less than 1kb. Localization of the human gene for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) to chromosome 22q11.2. MIF plays a critical role in inflammatory diseases and atherogenesis.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor; MIF;5.3.2.1; Glycosylation-inhibiting factor; GIF; L-dopachrome isomerase; L-dopachrome tautomerase;5.3.3.12; Phenylpyruvate tautomerase; MIF; GLIF, MMIF

Pro-inflammatory cytokine. Involved in the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. The expression of MIF at sites of inflammation suggests a role as mediator in regulating the function of macrophages in host defense. Counteracts the anti- inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids. Has phenylpyruvate tautomerase and dopachrome tautomerase activity (in vitro), but the physiological substrate is not known. It is not clear whether the tautomerase activity has any physiological relevance, and whether it is important for cytokine activity. .

1. Bernhagen, J.; Krohn, R.; Lue, H.; Gregory, J. L.; Zernecke, A.; Koenen, R. R.; Dewor, M.; Georgiev, I.; Schober, A.; Leng, L.; Kooistra, T.; Fingerle-Rowson, G.; Ghezzi, P.; Kleemann, R.; McColl, S. R.; Bucala, R.; Hickey, M. J.; Weber, C. : MIF is a noncognate ligand of CXC chemokine receptors in inflammatory and atherogenic cell recruitment. Nature Med. 13: 587-596, 2007. 2. Bozza, M.; Kolakowski, L. F., Jr.; Jenkins, N. A.; Gilbert, D. J.; Copeland, N. G.; David, J. R.; Gerard, C. : Structural characterization and chromosomal location of the mouse macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene and pseudogenes. Genomics 27: 412-419, 1995 3. Budarf, M.; McDonald, T.; Sellinger, B.; Kozak, C.; Graham, C.; Wistow, G. : Localization of the human gene for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) to chromosome 22q11.2. Genomics 39: 235-236, 1997.

Secreted. Cytoplasm. Does not have a cleavable signal sequence and is secreted via a specialized, non- classical pathway. Secreted by macrophages upon stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or by M.tuberculosis antigens.