Anti-DIO2 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the iodothyronine deiodinase family. It catalyzes the conversion of prohormone thyroxine (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine, T4) to the bioactive thyroid hormone (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, T3) by outer ring 5'-deiodination. This gene is widely expressed, including in thyroid and brain. It is thought to be responsible for the 'local' production of T3, and thus important in influencing thyroid hormone action in these tissues. It has also been reported to be highly expressed in thyroids of patients with Graves disease, and in follicular adenomas. The intrathyroidal T4 to T3 conversion by this enzyme may contribute significantly to the relative increase in thyroidal T3 production in these patients. This protein is a selenoprotein containing the non-standard amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), which is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, designated the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon, rather than as a stop signal. Unlike the other two members (DIO1 and DIO3) of this enzyme family, the mRNA for this gene contains an additional in-frame UGA codon that has been reported (in human) to function either as a Sec or a stop codon, which can result in two isoforms with one or two Sec residues; however, only the upstream Sec (conserved with the single Sec residue found at the active site in DIO1 and DIO3) was shown to be essential for enzyme activity (PMID:10403186) . Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene.

A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the N-terminus of human DIO2, which shares 95.7% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with both mouse and rat DIO2.

1. Araki, O., Murakami, M., Morimura, T., Kamiya, Y., Hosoi, Y., Kato, Y., Mori, M. Assignment of type II iodothyronine deiodinase gene (DIO2) to human chromosome band 14q24.2-q24.3 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 84: 73-74, 1999. 2. Bartha, T., Kim, S.-W., Salvatore, D., Gereben, B., Tu, H. M., Harney, J. W., Rudas, P., Larsen, P. R. Characterization of the 5-prime-flanking and 5-prime-untranslated regions of the cyclic adenosine 3-prime,5-prime-monophosphate-responsive human type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase gene. Endocrinology 141: 229-237, 2000. 3. Buettner, C., Harney, J. W., Larsen, P. R. The 3-prime-untranslated region of human type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase mRNA contains a functional selenocysteine insertion sequence element. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 33374-33378, 1998.