Anti-XRCC4 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro647 Conjugated

DNA repair protein XRCC4, also known as X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4 or XRCC4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XRCC4 gene. In addition to humans, the XRCC4 protein is also expressed in many other metazoans, fungi and in plants. The X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4 is one of several coreproteins involved in the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway to repair DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) . Since XRCC4 is the key protein that enables interaction of LigIV to damaged DNA and therefore ligation of the ends, mutations in the XRCC4 gene were found to cause embryonic lethality in mice and developmental inhibition and immunodeficiency in humans. Furthermore, certain mutations in the XRCC4 gene are associated with an increased risk of cancer.

Isoform beta-1 is expressed in testis and ovary, and at a lower level in heart, brain, placenta, liver, skeletal muscle, spleen, thymus, prostate, colon, bone marrow, mammary gland and uterus. Also found in uterine bone, breast, and ovarian tumor cell lines, but not in colon and liver tumors. Isoform beta-2 is expressed in spleen, thymus, testis and ovary and at a lower level in skeletal muscle, prostate, colon, small intestine, leukocytes, bone marrow, mammary gland and uterus. Isoform beta-3 is found in testis. Isoform beta-4 is expressed in testis, and at a lower level in spleen, thymus, ovary, mammary gland and uterus. Isoform beta-5 is expressed in testis, placenta, skeletal muscle, spleen and leukocytes, and at a lower level in heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, thymus, prostate, colon, small intestine, bone marrow, mammary gland and uterus. Not expressed in brain.

Cancer,2339, Diabetes, Domain Families, Endocrine System, Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling, Metabolism, Neuroscience, Nuclear Hormone Receptors, Nuclear Receptors, Nuclear Signaling Pathways, Obesity, Signal Transduction, Signaling Pathway, Transcription, Tumor Biomarkers, Zinc Finger

Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1, and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner (PubMed:20074560) . Isoform beta-cx lacks ligand binding ability and has no or only very low ere binding activity resulting in the loss of ligand-dependent transactivation ability. DNA-binding by ESR1 and ESR2 is rapidly lost at 37 degrees Celsius in the absence of ligand while in the presence of 17 beta-estradiol and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen loss in DNA-binding at elevated temperature is more gradual. .

1. Shao N, Jiang WY, Qiao D, Zhang SG, Wu Y, Zhang XX, Hua LX, Ding Y, Feng NH (2012) . An updated meta-analysis of XRCC4 polymorphisms and cancer risk based on 31 case-control studies. Cancer Biomark 12 (1) : 37–47. 2. West CE, Waterworth WM, Jiang Q, Bray CM (October 2000) . Arabidopsis DNA ligase IV is induced by gamma-irradiation and interacts with an Arabidopsis homologue of the double strand break repair protein XRCC4.Plant J. 24 (1) : 67–78.