Anti-VPS41 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

Vesicle mediated protein sorting plays an important role in segregation of intracellular molecules into distinct organelles. Genetic studies in yeast have identified more than 40 vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes involved in vesicle transport to vacuoles. This gene encodes the human ortholog of yeast Vps41 protein which is also conserved in Drosophila, tomato, and Arabidopsis. Expression studies in yeast and human indicate that this protein may be involved in the formation and fusion of transport vesicles from the Golgi. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene, however, the full-length nature of not all is known.

E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS2; Androgen receptor-interacting protein 3; ARIP3; DAB2-interacting protein; DIP; E3 SUMO-protein transferase PIAS2; Msx-interacting zinc finger protein; Miz1; PIAS-NY protein; Protein inhibitor of activated STAT x; Protein inhibitor of activated STAT2; PIAS2; PIASX

Mainly expressed in testis. Isoform 3 is expressed predominantly in adult testis, weakly in pancreas, embryonic testis and sperm, and at very low levels in other organs.

Functions as an E3-type small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase, stabilizing the interaction between UBE2I and the substrate, and as a SUMO-tethering factor. Plays a crucial role as a transcriptional coregulator in various cellular pathways, including the STAT pathway, the p53 pathway and the steroid hormone signaling pathway. The effects of this transcriptional coregulation, transactivation or silencing may vary depending upon the biological context and the PIAS2 isoform studied. However, it seems to be mostly involved in gene silencing. Binds to sumoylated ELK1 and enhances its transcriptional activity by preventing recruitment of HDAC2 by ELK1, thus reversing SUMO-mediated repression of ELK1 transactivation activity. Isoform PIAS2-beta, but not isoform PIAS2-alpha, promotes MDM2 sumoylation. Isoform PIAS2-alpha promotes PARK7 sumoylation. Isoform PIAS2-beta promotes NCOA2 sumoylation more efficiently than isoform PIAS2-alpha. Isoform PIAS2-alpha sumoylates PML at'Lys-65' and 'Lys-160'.

1. Asensio, C. S., Sirkis, D. W., Maas, J. W., Jr., Egami, K., To, T.-L., Brodsky, F. M., Shu, X., Cheng, Y., Edwards, R. H. Self-assembly of VPS41 promotes sorting required for biogenesis of the regulated secretory pathway. Dev. Cell 27: 425-437, 2013. 2. Cabrera, M., Langemeyer, L., Mari, M., Rethmeier, R., Orban, I., Perz, A., Brocker, C., Griffith, J., Klose, D., Steinhoff, H.-J., Reggiori, F., Engelbrecht-Vandre, S., Ungermann, C. Phosphorylation of a membrane curvature-sensing motif switches function of the HOPS subunit Vps41 in membrane tethering. J. Cell Biol. 191: 845-859, 2010. [PubMed: 21079247, images, related citations] [Full Text] 3. Hartz, P. A. Personal Communication. Baltimore, Md. 10/2/2009.