Anti-LHX4 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

LIM/homeobox protein Lhx4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LHX4 gene. This gene encodes a member of a large protein family which contains the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein is a transcription factor involved in the control of differentiation and development of the pituitary gland. Mutations in this gene cause combined pituitary hormone deficiency 4.

Atypical chemokine receptor 2; C-C chemokine receptor D6; Chemokine receptor CCR-10; Chemokine receptor CCR-9; Chemokine-binding protein 2; Chemokine-binding protein D6; ACKR2; CCBP2; CCR10; CMKBR9; D6

Found in endothelial cells lining afferent lymphatics in dermis and lymph nodes. Also found in lymph nodes subcapsular and medullary sinuses, tonsillar lymphatic sinuses and lymphatics in mucosa and submucosa of small and large intestine and appendix. Also found in some malignant vascular tumors. Expressed at high levels in Kaposi sarcoma-related pathologies. Expressed on apoptotic neutrophils (at protein level) . Expressed primarily in placenta and fetal liver, and found at very low levels in the lung and lymph node.

Atypical chemokine receptor that controls chemokine levels and localization via high-affinity chemokine binding that is uncoupled from classic ligand-driven signal transduction cascades, resulting instead in chemokine sequestration, degradation, or transcytosis. Also known as interceptor (internalizing receptor) or chemokine-scavenging receptor or chemokine decoy receptor. Acts as a receptor for chemokines including CCL2, CCL3, CCL3L1, CCL4, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL17, CCL22, CCL23, CCL24, SCYA2/MCP-1, SCY3/MIP-1-alpha, SCYA5/RANTES and SCYA7/MCP-3. Upon active ligand stimulation, activates a beta-arrestin 1 (ARRB1) -dependent, G protein-independent signaling pathway that results in the phosphorylation of the actin-binding protein cofilin (CFL1) through a RAC1-PAK1-LIMK1 signaling pathway. Activation of this pathway results in up-regulation of ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. By scavenging chemokines in tissues, on the surfaces of lymphatic vessels, and in placenta, plays an essential role in the resolution (termination) of the inflammatory response and in the regulation of adaptive immune responses. Plays a major role in the immune silencing of macrophages during the resolution of inflammation. Acts as a regulator of inflammatory leukocyte interactions with lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and is required for immature/mature dendritic cells discrimination by LECs.

1. Castinetti, F., Saveanu, A., Reynaud, R., Quentien, M. H., Buffin, A., Brauner, R., Kaffel, N., Albarel, F., Guedj, A. M., El Kholy, M., Amin, M., Enjalbert, A., Barlier, A., Brue, T. A novel dysfunctional LHX4 mutation with high phenotypical variability in patients with hypopituitarism. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 93: 2790-2799, 2008. 2. Dawid, I. B., Toyama, R., Taira, M. LIM domain proteins. C. R. Acad. Sci. III 318: 295-306, 1995. 3. Kawamata, N., Sakajiri, S., Sugimoto, K., Isobe, Y., Kobayashi, H., Oshimi, K. A novel chromosomal translocation t (1;14) (q25; q32) in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia involves the LIM homeodomain protein gene, Lhx4. Oncogene 21: 4983-4991, 2002.