Anti-CD28 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro647 Conjugated

The protein encoded by this gene is essential for T-cell proliferation and survival, cytokine production, and T-helper type-2 development. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

As a result of hemolysis, hemoglobin is found to accumulate in the kidney and is secreted in the urine. Haptoglobin captures, and combines with free plasma hemoglobin to allow hepatic recycling of heme iron and to prevent kidney damage. Haptoglobin also acts as an Antimicrobial; Antioxidant, has antibacterial activity and plays a role in modulating many aspects of the acute phase response. Hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes are rapidely cleared by the macrophage CD163 scavenger receptor expressed on the surface of liver Kupfer cells through an endocytic lysosomal degradation pathway. Uncleaved haptoglogin, also known as zonulin, plays a role in intestinal permeability, allowing intercellular tight junction disassembly, and controlling the equilibrium between tolerance and immunity to non-self antigens.

1. Akieda, Y., Wakamatsu, E., Nakamura, T., Ishida, Y., Ogawa, S., Abe, R. Defects in regulatory T cells due to CD28 deficiency induce a qualitative change of allogeneic immune response in chronic graft-versus-host disease. J. Immun. 194: 4162-4174, 2015. 2. Andres, P. G., Howland, K. C., Nirula, A., Kane, L. P., Barron, L., Dresnek, D., Sadra, A., Imboden, J., Weiss, A., Abbas, A. K. Distinct regions in the CD28 cytoplasmic domain are required for T helper type 2 differentiation. Nature Immun. 5: 435-442, 2004. 3. Aruffo, A., Seed, B. Molecular cloning of a CD28 cDNA by a high-efficiency COS cell expression system. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 84: 8573-8577, 1987.