Anti-GPCR TGR5/GPBAR1 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro647 Conjugated

The G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) also known G-protein coupled receptor 19 (GPCR19), membrane-type receptor for bile acids (M-BAR) or TGR5 as is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPBAR1 gene. This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. This enzyme functions as a cell surface receptor for bile acids. Treatment of cells expressing this GPCR with bile acids induces the production of intracellular cAMP, activation of a MAP kinase signaling pathway, and internalization of the receptor. The receptor is implicated in the suppression of macrophage functions and regulation of energy homeostasis by bile acids. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.

IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs on cell culture. They alter the interaction of IGFs with their cell surface receptors.

1. Maruyama, T., Miyamoto, Y., Nakamura, T., Tamai, Y., Okada, H., Sugiyama, E., Nakamura, T., Itadani, H., Tanaka, K. Identification of membrane-type receptor for bile acids (M-BAR) . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 298: 714-719, 2002. 2. Watanabe, M., Houten, S. M., Mataki, C., Christoffolete, M. A., Kim, B. W., Sato, H., Messaddeq, N., Harney, J. W., Ezaki, O., Kodama, T., Schoonjans, K., Bianco, A. C., Auwerx, J. Bile acids induce energy expenditure by promoting intracellular thyroid hormone activation. Nature 439: 484-489, 2006. 3. Yoneno, K., Hisamatsu, T., Shimamura, K., Kamada, N., Ichikawa, R., Kitazume, M. T., Mori, M., Uo, M., Namikawa, Y., Matsuoka, K., Sato, T., Koganei, K., Sugita, A., Kanai, T., Hibi, T. TGR5 signalling inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by in vitro differentiated inflammatory and intestinal macrophages in Crohn's disease. Immunology 139: 19-29, 2013.