Anti-Prothrombin Antibody Picoband® (monoclonal, 5B6G1) Fluoro488 Conjugated

F2 (Coagulation Factor II), also known as thrombin, is a serine protease that in humans is encoded by the F2 gene. This gene for human prothrombin (F2) was assigned to chromosome 11p11-q12 by analysis of a panel of somatic cell hybrid DNAs and by in situ hybridization, using both cDNA and genomic probes. The activated thrombin enzyme plays an important role in hemostasis and thrombosis: it converts fibrinogen to fibrin for blood clot formation, stimulates platelet aggregation, and activates coagulation factors V, VIII (F8), and XIII (F13A1) . Thrombin also inhibits coagulation by activating protein C.

Expressed in several hair follicle cell types: basal and peripheral matrix cells, and cells of the outer and inner root sheaths. Expressed in colon. Present in cortical neurons (at protein level) .

Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and other growth factors. Following type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) binding to cell surface receptors, signaling via protein kinases leads to activation of Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) and to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize and associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to activate the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG), which drive the cell in an antiviral state. In response to type II IFN (IFN-gamma), STAT1 is tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylated. It then forms a homodimer termed IFN-gamma-activated factor (GAF), migrates into the nucleus and binds to the IFN gamma activated sequence (GAS) to drive the expression of the target genes, inducing a cellular antiviral state. Becomes activated in response to KITLG/SCF and KIT signaling. May mediate cellular responses to activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4.

1. Lancellotti, S., De Cristofaro, R. Congenital prothrombin deficiency. Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 35: 367-381, 2009. 2. Royle, N. J., Irwin, D. M., Koschinsky, M. L., MacGillivray, R. T. A., Hamerton, J. L. Human genes encoding prothrombin and ceruloplasmin map to 11p11-q12 and 3q21-24, respectively. Somat. Cell Molec. Genet. 13: 285-292, 1987.