Anti-GNG4 Antibody Picoband® (monoclonal, 7B6) Fluoro488 Conjugated

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G (I) /G (S) /G (O) subunit gamma-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNG4 gene. This gene encodes the gamma subunit of the heterotrimeric G-proteins that are comprised of alpha, beta and gamma subunits. Upon activation by G protein-coupled receptors, the beta-gamma heterodimer dissociates from the alpha subunit to activate downstream signaling events. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

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Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F (1) F (0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F (1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F (0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F (1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F (0) domain and the peripheric stalk, which acts as a stator to hold the catalytic alpha (3) beta (3) subcomplex and subunit a/ATP6 static relative to the rotary elements.

1. Ahmad, W., Li, S., Chen, H., Tuck-Muller, C. M., Pittler, S. J., Aronson, N. N., Jr. Lysosomal chitobiase (CTB) and the G-protein gamma-5 subunit (GNG5) genes co-localize to human chromosome 1p22. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 71: 44-46, 1995. 2. Gilman, A. G. G proteins: transducers of receptor-generated signals. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 56: 615-649, 1987. 3. Ray, K., Kunsch, C., Bonner, L. M., Robishaw, J. D. Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated the gamma-4, gamma-10, and gamma-11 subunits. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 21765-21771, 1995.