Anti-SnoN/SNO/SKIL Antibody Picoband® Fluoro647 Conjugated

Ski-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SKIL gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the SMAD pathway, which regulates cell growth and differentiation through transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) . In the absence of ligand, the encoded protein binds to the promoter region of TGFB-responsive genes and recruits a nuclear repressor complex. TGFB signaling causes SMAD3 to enter the nucleus and degrade this protein, allowing these genes to be activated. Four transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene.

E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS2; Androgen receptor-interacting protein 3; ARIP3; DAB2-interacting protein; DIP; E3 SUMO-protein transferase PIAS2; Msx-interacting zinc finger protein; Miz1; PIAS-NY protein; Protein inhibitor of activated STAT x; Protein inhibitor of activated STAT2; PIAS2; PIASX

Mainly expressed in testis. Isoform 3 is expressed predominantly in adult testis, weakly in pancreas, embryonic testis and sperm, and at very low levels in other organs.

Functions as an E3-type small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase, stabilizing the interaction between UBE2I and the substrate, and as a SUMO-tethering factor. Plays a crucial role as a transcriptional coregulator in various cellular pathways, including the STAT pathway, the p53 pathway and the steroid hormone signaling pathway. The effects of this transcriptional coregulation, transactivation or silencing may vary depending upon the biological context and the PIAS2 isoform studied. However, it seems to be mostly involved in gene silencing. Binds to sumoylated ELK1 and enhances its transcriptional activity by preventing recruitment of HDAC2 by ELK1, thus reversing SUMO-mediated repression of ELK1 transactivation activity. Isoform PIAS2-beta, but not isoform PIAS2-alpha, promotes MDM2 sumoylation. Isoform PIAS2-alpha promotes PARK7 sumoylation. Isoform PIAS2-beta promotes NCOA2 sumoylation more efficiently than isoform PIAS2-alpha. Isoform PIAS2-alpha sumoylates PML at'Lys-65' and 'Lys-160'.

1. Gross, M. B. Personal Communication. Baltimore, Md. 5/27/2014. 2. Nomura, N., Sasamoto, S., Ishii, S., Date, T., Matsui, M., Ishizaki, R. Isolation of human cDNA clones of SKI and the SKI-related gene, SNO. Nucleic Acids Res. 17: 5489-5500, 1989. 3. Pearson-White, S., Crittenden, R. Proto-oncogene Sno expression, alternative isoforms and immediate early serum response. Nucleic Acids Res. 25: 2930-2937, 1997.