Anti-GGH Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase is encoded by theGGHgene. This gene catalyzes the hydrolysis of folylpoly-gamma-glutamates and antifolylpoly-gamma-glutamates by the removal of gamma-linked polyglutamates and glutamate.

Wide tissue distribution (highest in the pancreas and very low in brain) . Closely associated with the basal layer of cells in epithelia and the endothelium of blood vessel walls.

Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC and AXIN1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. Contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. Regulates glycogen metabolism in liver, but not in muscle. May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors. In Wnt signaling, regulates the level and transcriptional activity of nuclear CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Facilitates amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and the generation of APP-derived amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer disease. May be involved in the regulation of replication in pancreatic beta-cells. Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth. Through phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, may control cell apoptosis in response to growth factors deprivation. Acts as a regulator of autophagy by mediating phosphorylation of KAT5/TIP60 under starvation conditions, leading to activate KAT5/TIP60 acetyltransferase activity and promote acetylation of key autophagy regulators, such as ULK1 and RUBCNL/Pacer.

1. Cheng, Q., Cheng, C., Crews, K. R., Ribeiro, R. C., Pui, C.-H., Relling, M. V., Evans, W. E. Epigenetic regulation of human gamma-glutamyl hydrolase activity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 79: 264-274, 2006. Note: Erratum: Am. J. Hum. Genet 87: 161 only, 2010. 2. Cheng, Q., Yang, W., Raimondi, S. C., Pui, C.-H., Relling, M. V., Evans, W. E. Karyotypic abnormalities create discordance of germline genotype and cancer cell phenotypes. Nature Genet. 37: 878-882, 2005. 3. Rhee, M. S., Ryan, T. J., Galivan, J. H. Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase secreted from human tumour cell lines. Cell. Pharm. 2: 289-292, 1995.