Anti-ZWINT Antibody Picoband®

ZW10 interactor (Zwint-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZWINT gene. This gene encodes a protein that is clearly involved in kinetochore function although an exact role is not known. It interacts with ZW10, another kinetochore protein, possibly regulating the association between ZW10 and kinetochores. The encoded protein localizes to prophase kinetochores before ZW10 does and it remains detectable on the kinetochore until late anaphase. It has a uniform distribution in the cytoplasm of interphase cells. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Forkhead box protein F1; Forkhead-related activator 1; FREAC-1; Forkhead-related protein FKHL5; Forkhead-related transcription factor 1; FOXF1; FKHL5; FREAC1

Transcriptional regulator involved in different processes such as glucose metabolism, aerobic glycolysis, muscle cell differentiation and autophagy. Recognizes and binds the forkhead DNA sequence motif (5'-GTAAACA-3') and can both act as a transcription activator or repressor, depending on the context. Together with FOXK2, acts as a key regulator of metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis, a process in which glucose is converted to lactate in the presence of oxygen. Acts by promoting expression of enzymes for glycolysis (such as hexokinase-2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase (PKLR) and lactate dehydrogenase), while suppressing further oxidation of pyruvate in the mitochondria by up-regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases PDK1 and PDK4. Probably plays a role in gluconeogenesis during overnight fasting, when lactate from white adipose tissue and muscle is the main substrate. Involved in mTORC1-mediated metabolic reprogramming: in response to mTORC1 signaling, translocates into the nucleus and regulates the expression of genes associated with glycolysis and downstream anabolic pathways, such as HIF1A, thereby regulating glucose metabolism. Together with FOXK2, acts as a negative regulator of autophagy in skeletal muscle: in response to starvation, enters the nucleus, binds the promoters of autophagy genes and represses their expression, preventing proteolysis of skeletal muscle proteins. Acts as a transcriptional regulator of the myogenic progenitor cell population in skeletal muscle. Binds to the upstream enhancer region (CCAC box) of myoglobin (MB) gene, regulating the myogenic progenitor cell population. Promotes muscle progenitor cell proliferation by repressing the transcriptional activity of FOXO4, thereby inhibiting myogenic differentiation. Involved in remodeling processes of adult muscles that occur in response to physiological stimuli. Required to correct temporal orchestration of molecular and cellular events necessary for muscle repair. Represses myogenic differentiation by inhibiting MEFC activity. Positively regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by translocating DVL into the nucleus. Reduces virus replication, probably by binding the interferon stimulated response element (ISRE) to promote antiviral gene expression.

1. Entrez Gene: ZWINT ZW10 interactor. 2. Obuse C, Iwasaki O, Kiyomitsu T, Goshima G, Toyoda Y, Yanagida M (Nov 2004) . A conserved Mis12 centromere complex is linked to heterochromatic HP1 and outer kinetochore protein Zwint-1. Nature Cell Biology 6 (11) : 1135–41. 3. van Vlijmen T, Vleugel M, Evers M, Mohammed S, Wulf PS, Heck AJ, Hoogenraad CC, van der Sluijs P (Aug 2008) . A unique residue in rab3c determines the interaction with novel binding protein Zwint-1. FEBS Letters 582 (19) : 2838–42.

Store at -20°C for one year from date of receipt. After reconstitution, at 4°C for one month. It can also be aliquotted and stored frozen at -20°C for six months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.