Anti-CXCR4 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

CXCR4 (Chemokine, CXC Motif, Receptor 4), also known as FUSIN or NPY3R, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCR4 gene. It is the receptor for the CXC chemokine SDF1 that has essential functions on embryo organogenesis, immunological functions and T lymphocyte trafficking. CXCR4 is the only SDF1 receptor identified so far. This suggests that CXCR4 expression is critical for the biological effects of SDF1. CXCR4 is also a seven-transmembrane-spanning, G-protein-coupled receptor for the CXC chemokine PBSF/SDF-1. It functions as a co-receptor for T-cell-line tropic human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1. It was concluded that PBSF/SDF-1 and CXCR4 define a new signalling system for organ vascularization.

C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; CXC-R4; CXCR-4; FB22; Fusin; HM89; LCR1; Leukocyte-derived seven transmembrane domain receptor; LAP-3; LPS-associated protein 3; NPYRL; Stromal cell-derived factor 1 receptor

Expressed in numerous tissues, such as peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen, thymus, spinal cord, heart, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas, cerebellum, cerebral cortex and medulla (in microglia as well as in astrocytes), brain microvascular, coronary artery and umbilical cord endothelial cells. Isoform 1 is predominant in all tissues tested. .

Receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 that transduces a signal by increasing intracellular calcium ion levels and enhancing MAPK1/MAPK3 activation. Plays a role in regulation of cell migration, e.g. during wound healing. Acts as a receptor for extracellular ubiquitin; leading to enhanced intracellular calcium ions and reduced cellular cAMP levels. Binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) et mediates LPS-induced inflammatory response, including TNF secretion by monocytes. Involved in hematopoiesis and in cardiac ventricular septum formation. Also plays an essential role in vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract, probably by regulating vascular branching and/or remodeling processes in endothelial cells. Involved in cerebellar development. In the CNS, could mediate hippocampal-neuron survival (By similarity) . (Microbial infection) Acts as a coreceptor (CD4 being the primary receptor) for human immunodeficiency virus-1/HIV-1 X4 isolates and as a primary receptor for some HIV-2 isolates. Promotes Env-mediated fusion of the virus.

1. Caruz, A.; Samsom, M.; Alonso, J. M.; Alcami, J.; Baleux, F.; Virelizier, J. L.; Parmentier, M.; Arenzana-Seisdedos, F. : Genomic organization and promoter characterization of human CXCR4 gene. FEBS Lett. 426: 271-278, 1998. 2. Tachibana, K.; Hirota, S.; Iizasa, H.; Yoshida, H.; Kawabata, K.; Kataoka, Y.; Kitamura, Y.; Matsushima, K.; Yoshida, N.; Nishikawa, S.; Kishimoto, T.; Nagasawa, T. : The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is essential for vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract. Nature 393: 591-594, 1998.

Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell junction. Early endosome. Late endosome. Lysosome. In unstimulated cells, diffuse pattern on plasma membrane. On agonist stimulation, colocalizes with ITCH at the plasma membrane where it becomes ubiquitinated. In the presence of antigen, distributes to the immunological synapse forming at the T-cell-APC contact area, where it localizes at the peripheral and distal supramolecular activation cluster (SMAC) .