Anti-IKKi/IKKe/IKBKE Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon also known as I-kappa-B kinase epsilon or IKK-epsilon is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the IKBKE gene. IKBKE is a noncanonical I-kappa-B kinase (IKK) that is essential for regulating antiviral signaling pathways. IKBKE has also been identified as a breast cancer oncogene and is amplified and overexpressed in over 30% of breast carcinomas and breast cancer cell line.

Detected adjacent to nodes of Ranvier in juxtaparanodal zones in spinal cord nerve fibers, but also in paranodal regions in some myelinated spinal cord axons (at protein level) (PubMed:11086297) . Detected in the islet of Langerhans (PubMed:21483673) .

Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and the central nervous system, but also in the kidney (PubMed:19903818) . Contributes to the regulation of the membrane potential and nerve signaling, and prevents neuronal hyperexcitability (PubMed:17156368) . Forms tetrameric potassium- selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane (PubMed:19912772) . Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNA5, KCNA6, KCNA7, and possibly other family members as well; channel properties depend on the type of alpha subunits that are part of the channel (PubMed:12077175, PubMed:17156368) . Channel properties are modulated by cytoplasmic beta subunits that regulate the subcellular location of the alpha subunits and promote rapid inactivation of delayed rectifier potassium channels (PubMed:12077175, PubMed:17156368) . In vivo, membranes probably contain a mixture of heteromeric potassium channel complexes, making it difficult to assign currents observed in intact tissues to any particular potassium channel family member. Homotetrameric KCNA1 forms a delayed-rectifier potassium channel that opens in response to membrane depolarization, followed by slow spontaneous channel closure (PubMed:19912772, PubMed:19968958, PubMed:19307729, PubMed:19903818) . In contrast, a heterotetrameric channel formed by KCNA1 and KCNA4 shows rapid inactivation (PubMed:17156368) . Regulates neuronal excitability in hippocampus, especially in mossy fibers and medial perforant path axons, preventing neuronal hyperexcitability. Response to toxins that are selective for KCNA1, respectively for KCNA2, suggests that heteromeric potassium channels composed of both KCNA1 and KCNA2 play a role in pacemaking and regulate the output of deep cerebellar nuclear neurons (By similarity) . May function as down- stream effector for G protein-coupled receptors and inhibit GABAergic inputs to basolateral amygdala neurons (By similarity) . May contribute to the regulation of neurotransmitter release, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release (By similarity) . Plays a role in regulating the generation of action potentials and preventing hyperexcitability in myelinated axons of the vagus nerve, and thereby contributes to the regulation of heart contraction (By similarity) . Required for normal neuromuscular responses (PubMed:11026449, PubMed:17136396) . Regulates the frequency of neuronal action potential firing in response to mechanical stimuli, and plays a role in the perception of pain caused by mechanical stimuli, but does not play a role in the perception of pain due to heat stimuli (By similarity) . Required for normal responses to auditory stimuli and precise location of sound sources, but not for sound perception (By similarity) . The use of toxins that block specific channels suggest that it contributes to the regulation of the axonal release of the neurotransmitter dopamine (By similarity) . Required for normal postnatal brain development and normal proliferation of neuronal precursor cells in the brain (By similarity) . Plays a role in the reabsorption of Mg (2+) in the distal convoluted tubules in the kidney and in magnesium ion homeostasis, probably via its effect on the membrane potential (PubMed:23903368, PubMed:19307729) .

1. Chiang, S.-H., Bazuine, M., Lumeng, C. N., Geletka, L. M., Mowers, J., White, N. M., Ma, J.-T., Zhou, J., Qi, N., Westcott, D., Delproposto, J. B., Blackwell, T. S., Yull, F. E., Saltiel, A. R. The protein kinase IKK-epsilon regulates energy balance in obese mice. Cell 138: 961-975, 2009. 2. Hutti, J. E., Shen, R. R., Abbott, D. W., Zhou, A. Y., Sprott, K. M., Asara, J. M., Hahn, W. C., Cantley, L. C. Phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor CYLD by the breast cancer oncogene IKK-epsilon promotes cell transformation. Molec. Cell 34: 461-472, 2009. 3. Nagase, T., Seki, N., Tanaka, A., Ishikawa, K., Nomura, N. Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IV. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0121-KIAA0160) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1. DNA Res. 2: 167-174, 1995.