Anti-SHMT1 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro647 Conjugated

This gene encodes the cytosolic form of serine hydroxymethyltransferase, a pyridoxal phosphate-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of serine and tetrahydrofolate to glycine and 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate. This reaction provides one-carbon units for synthesis of methionine, thymidylate, and purines in the cytoplasm. This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Apoptosis, Apoptotic Markers, Cancer, Caspases, Cell Biology, Cell Death, Intracellular, Invasion/Microenvironment, Metabolism, Metabolism Processes, Pathways and Processes

Proinflammatory caspase (PubMed:8702803, PubMed:9038361, PubMed:25119034) . Essential effector of NLRP3 inflammasome- dependent CASP1 activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion in response to non-canonical activators, such as UVB radiation, cholera enterotoxin subunit B and cytosolic LPS, as well as infection with Gram-negative bacteria (PubMed:22002608) . Independently of NLRP3 inflammasome and CASP1, promotes pyroptosis, through GSDMD cleavage and activation, and IL1A, IL18 and HMGB1 release in response to non-canonical inflammasome activators (PubMed:22002608, PubMed:26320999, PubMed:26375003) . Plays a crucial role in the restriction of Salmonella typhimurium replication in colonic epithelial cells during infection. In later stages of the infection (>3 days post infection), LPS from cytosolic Salmonella triggers CASP4 activation, which ultimately results in the pyroptosis of the infected cells and their extrusion into the gut lumen, as well as in IL18 secretion. Pyroptosis limits bacterial replication, while cytokine secretion promotes the recruitment and activation of immune cells and triggers mucosal inflammation (PubMed:25121752) . Involved in LPS- induced IL6 secretion; this activity may not require caspase enzymatic activity (By similarity) . Involved in cell death induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress (By similarity) . Activated by binding to LPS without the need of an upstream sensor (PubMed:25119034) . Does not ly process IL1B (PubMed:8702803, PubMed:9038361) . During non-canonical inflammasome activation, cuts MB21D1 and may play a role in the regulation of antiviral innate immune activation (PubMed:28314590) .

1. Byrne, P. C., Shipley, J. M., Chave, K. J., Sanders, P. G., Snell, K. Characterisation of a human serine hydroxymethyltransferase pseudogene and its localisation of 1p32.3-33. Hum. Genet. 97: 340-344, 1996. 2. Elsea, S. H., Juyal, R. C., Jiralerspong, S., Finucane, B. M., Pandolfo, M., Greenberg, F., Baldini, A., Stover, P., Patel, P. I. Haploinsufficiency of cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase in the Smith-Magenis syndrome. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 57: 1342-1350, 1995. 3. Garrow, T. A., Brenner, A. A., Whitehead, V. M., Chen, X.-N., Duncan, R. G., Korenberg, J. R., Shane, B. Cloning of human cDNAs encoding mitochondrial and cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferases and chromosomal localization. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 11910-11916, 1993.