Anti-PAX4 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

Paired box gene 4, also known as PAX4, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PAX4 gene. This gene is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of this gene family typically contain a paired box domain, an octapeptide, and a paired-type homeodomain. These genes play critical roles during fetal development and cancer growth. The paired box 4 gene is involved in pancreatic islet development and mouse studies have demonstrated a role for this gene in differentiation of insulin-producing beta cells.

Wide tissue distribution (highest in the pancreas and very low in brain) . Closely associated with the basal layer of cells in epithelia and the endothelium of blood vessel walls.

Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC and AXIN1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. Contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. Regulates glycogen metabolism in liver, but not in muscle. May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors. In Wnt signaling, regulates the level and transcriptional activity of nuclear CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Facilitates amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and the generation of APP-derived amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer disease. May be involved in the regulation of replication in pancreatic beta-cells. Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth. Through phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, may control cell apoptosis in response to growth factors deprivation. Acts as a regulator of autophagy by mediating phosphorylation of KAT5/TIP60 under starvation conditions, leading to activate KAT5/TIP60 acetyltransferase activity and promote acetylation of key autophagy regulators, such as ULK1 and RUBCNL/Pacer.

1. Bonthron, D. T., Dunlop, N., Barr, D. G. D., El Sanousi, A. A., Al-Gazali, L. I. Organisation of the human PAX4 gene and its exclusion as a candidate for the Wolcott-Rallison syndrome. J. Med. Genet. 35: 288-292, 1998. 2. Brun, T., He, K. H. H., Lupi, R., Boehm, B., Wojtusciszyn, A., Sauter, N., Donath, M., Marchetti, P., Maedler, K., Gauthier, B. R. The diabetes-linked transcription factor Pax4 is expressed in human pancreatic islets and is activated by mitogens and GLP-1. Hum. Molec. Genet. 17: 478-489, 2008. 3. Collombat, P., Mansouri, A., Hecksher-Sorensen, J., Serup, P., Krull, J., Gradwohl, G., Gruss, P. Opposing actions of Arx and Pax4 in endocrine pancreas development. Genes Dev. 17: 2591-2603, 2003.