Anti-Granzyme A/GZMA Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

GRB7, growth factor receptor-bound protein 7, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GRB7 gene. The product of this gene belongs to a small family of adaptor proteins that are known to interact with a number of receptor tyrosine kinases and signaling molecules. This gene encodes a growth factor receptor-binding protein that interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ephrin receptors. The protein plays a role in the integrin signaling pathway and cell migration by binding with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) . Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms, although the full-length natures of only two of the variants have been determined to date. GRB7 is an SH2-domain adaptor protein that binds to receptor tyrosine kinases and provides the intra-cellular link to the Ras proto-oncogene. Human GRB7 is located on the long arm of chromosome 17, next to the ERBB2 (alias HER2/neu) proto-oncogene. These two genes are commonly co-amplified (present in excess copies) in breast cancers. GRB7 though to be involved in migration, is well known to be over-expressed in testicular germ cell tumors, esophageal cancers, and gastric cancers.

Part of the TCR-CD3 complex present on T-lymphocyte cell surface that plays an essential role in adaptive immune response. When antigen presenting cells (APCs) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), TCR-mediated signals are transmitted across the cell membrane by the CD3 chains CD3D, CD3E, CD3G and CD3Z. All CD3 chains contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their cytoplasmic domain. Upon TCR engagement, these motifs become phosphorylated by Src family protein tyrosine kinases LCK and FYN, resulting in the activation of downstream signaling pathways. In addition of this role of signal transduction in T-cell activation, CD3E plays an essential role in correct T-cell development (PubMed:19956738, PubMed:24899501) . Participates also in internalization and cell surface down-regulation of TCR-CD3 complexes via endocytosis sequences present in CD3E cytosolic region.

1. Fan, Z., Beresford, P. J., Oh, D. Y., Zhang, D., Lieberman, J.Tumor suppressor NM23-H1 is a granzyme A-activated DNase during CTL-mediated apoptosis, and the nucleosome assembly protein SET is its inhibitor.Cell 112: 659-672, 2003. Note: Erratum: Cell 115: 241 only, 2003. 2. Fink, T. M., Lichter, P., Wekerle, H., Zimmer, M., Jenne, D. E.The human granzyme A (HFSP, CTLA3) gene maps to 5q11-q12 and defines a new locus of the serine protease superfamily.Genomics 18: 401-403, 1993. 3. Martinvalet, D., Dykxhoorn, D. M., Ferrini, R., Lieberman, J.Granzyme A cleaves a mitochondrial complex I protein to initiate caspase-independent cell death.Cell 133: 681-692, 2008.

Alpha-beta T cell receptor complex; external side of plasma membrane; immunological synapse; cell body; cell-cell junction; dendritic spine; integral component of membrane