Anti-GAD65/GAD2 Antibody Picoband® (monoclonal, 4E12)

Glutamate decarboxylase 2, also known as GAD65, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GAD2 gene. This gene encodes one of several forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, identified as a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. The enzyme encoded is responsible for catalyzing the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. A pathogenic role for this enzyme has been identified in the human pancreas since it has been identified as an autoantibody and an autoreactive T cell target in insulin-dependent diabetes. This gene may also play a role in the stiff man syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.

Chromosomal protein, Nonhistone, HMG4 antibody|High mobility group (nonhistone chromosomal) protein 4 antibody|High mobility group box 3 antibody|High mobility group protein 2a antibody|High mobility group protein 4 antibody|High mobility group protein B3 antibody| High mobility group protein HMG4 antibody|HMG 4 antibody|HMG-2a antibody|HMG-4 antibody|HMG2A antibody|HMGB 3 antibody|HMGB3 antibody| HMGB3_HUMAN antibody|MGC90319 antibody|Non histone chromosomal protein antibody|Nonhistone chromosomal protein HMG4 antibody

A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the N-terminus of human GAD65, different from the related mouse and rat sequences by one amino acid.

Multifunctional protein with various roles in different cellular compartments, May act in a redox sensitive manner.Associates with chromatin and binds DNA with a preference to non- canonical DNA structures such as single-stranded DNA. Can bent DNA and enhance DNA flexibility by looping thus providing a mechanism to promote activities on various gene promoters (By similarity) .Proposed to be involved in the innate immune response to nucleic acids by acting as a cytoplasmic promiscuous immunogenic DNA/RNA sensor (By similarity) .Negatively regulates B-cell and myeloid cell differentiation.In hematopoietic stem cells may regulate the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Involved in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling (By similarity) .

1. Entrez Gene: GAD2 glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kDa) . 2. Meyre, D., Boutin, P., Tounian, A., Deweirder, M., Aout, M., Jouret, B., Heude, B., Weill, J., Tauber, M., Tounian, P., Froguel, P. Is glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2) a genetic link between low birth weight and subsequent development of obesity in children?J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 90: 2384-2390, 2005. 3. Zhang, Z., Cai, Y. Q., Zou, F., Bie, B., Pan, Z. Z. Epigenetic suppression of GAD65 expression mediates persistent pain. Nature Med. 17: 1448-1455, 2011.

Store at -20°C for one year from date of receipt. After reconstitution, at 4°C for one month. It can also be aliquotted and stored frozen at -20°C for six months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.