Anti-DDIT3 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro647 Conjugated

DNA damage-inducible transcript 3, also known as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), is a pro-apoptotictranscription factor that is encoded by the DDIT3 gene. It is mapped to 12q13.3. This gene encodes a member of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors. The protein functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor by forming heterodimers with other C/EBP members, such as C/EBP and LAP (liver activator protein), and preventing their DNA binding activity. The protein is implicated in adipogenesis and erythropoiesis, is activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress, and promotes apoptosis. Fusion of this gene and FUS on chromosome 16 or EWSR1 on chromosome 22 induced by translocation generates chimeric proteins in myxoid liposarcomas or Ewing sarcoma. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two isoforms with different length have been identified.

DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein; DDIT-3; C/EBP zeta; C/EBP-homologous protein; CHOP; C/EBP-homologous protein 10; CHOP-10; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD153; DDIT3; CHOP; CHOP10; GADD153

Abundantly expressed in heart, pancreas, prostate, kidney, small intestine and peripheral blood leukocytes. Less abundant in placenta, lung, spleen, colon, thymus, testis and ovaries.

Multifunctional transcription factor in ER stress response. Plays an essential role in the response to a wide variety of cell stresses and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to ER stress. Plays a dual role both as an inhibitor of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) function and as an activator of other genes. Acts as a dominant-negative regulator of C/EBP-induced transcription: dimerizes with members of the C/EBP family, impairs their association with C/EBP binding sites in the promoter regions, and inhibits the expression of C/EBP regulated genes. Positively regulates the transcription of TRIB3, IL6, IL8, IL23, TNFRSF10B/DR5, PPP1R15A/GADD34, BBC3/PUMA, BCL2L11/BIM and ERO1L. Negatively regulates; expression of BCL2 and MYOD1, ATF4-dependent transcriptional activation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), CEBPA-dependent transcriptional activation of hepcidin (HAMP) and CEBPB-mediated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) . Inhibits the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by binding to TCF7L2/TCF4, impairing its DNA-binding properties and repressing its transcriptional activity. Plays a regulatory role in the inflammatory response through the induction of caspase-11 (CASP4/CASP11) which induces the activation of caspase-1 (CASP1) and both these caspases increase the activation of pro-IL1B to mature IL1B which is involved in the inflammatory response.

1. Aman, P., Ron, D., Mandahl, N., Fioretos, T., Heim, S., Arheden, K., Willen, H., Rydholm, A., Mitelman, F. Rearrangement of the transcription factor gene CHOP in myxoid liposarcomas with t (12;16) (q13; p11) . Genes Chromosomes Cancer 5: 278-285, 1992. 2. Crozat, A., Aman, P., Mandahl, N., Ron, D. Fusion of CHOP to a novel RNA-binding protein in human myxoid liposarcoma. Nature 363: 640-644, 1993. 3. Endo, M., Mori, M., Akira, S., Gotoh, T. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) is crucial for the induction of caspase-11 and the pathogenesis of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. J. Immun. 176: 6245-6253, 2006.