Anti-GSK3 alpha/GSK3A Antibody Picoband®

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSK3A gene. It is mapped to 19q13.2. This gene encodes a multifunctional Ser/Thr protein kinase that is implicated in the control of several regulatory proteins including glycogen synthase, and transcription factors, such as JUN. It also plays a role in the WNT and PI3K signaling pathways, as well as regulates the production of beta-amyloid peptides associated with Alzheimer's disease.

A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence in the middle region of human GSK3 alpha/GSK3A, which shares 76.5% and 88.2% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat GSK3 alpha/GSK3A, respectively.

Wide tissue distribution (highest in the pancreas and very low in brain) . Closely associated with the basal layer of cells in epithelia and the endothelium of blood vessel walls.

Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC and AXIN1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. Contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. Regulates glycogen metabolism in liver, but not in muscle. May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors. In Wnt signaling, regulates the level and transcriptional activity of nuclear CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Facilitates amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and the generation of APP-derived amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer disease. May be involved in the regulation of replication in pancreatic beta-cells. Is necessary for the establishment of neuronal polarity and axon outgrowth. Through phosphorylation of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1, may control cell apoptosis in response to growth factors deprivation. Acts as a regulator of autophagy by mediating phosphorylation of KAT5/TIP60 under starvation conditions, leading to activate KAT5/TIP60 acetyltransferase activity and promote acetylation of key autophagy regulators, such as ULK1 and RUBCNL/Pacer.

1. Woodgett, J. R. Molecular cloning and expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3/factor A. EMBO J. 9: 2431-2438, 1990. 2. Yost, C., Farr, G. H., III, Pierce, S. B., Ferkey, D. M., Chen, M. M., Kimelman, D. GBP, an inhibitor of GSK-3, is implicated in Xenopus development and oncogenesis. Cell 93: 1031-1041, 1998. 3. Zeng, X., Tamai, K., Doble, B., Li, S., Huang, H., Habas, R., Okamura, H., Woodgett, J., He, X. A dual-kinase mechanism for Wnt co-receptor phosphorylation and activation. Nature 438: 873-877, 2005.

Store at -20°C for one year from date of receipt. After reconstitution, at 4°C for one month. It can also be aliquotted and stored frozen at -20°C for six months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.