Anti-T-bet/Tbx21 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

T-box transcription factor TBX21 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBX21 gene. It is mapped to 17q21.32. This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. This gene is the human ortholog of mouse Tbx21/Tbet gene. Studies in mouse show that Tbx21 protein is a Th1 cell-specific transcription factor that controls the expression of the hallmark Th1 cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFNG) . Expression of the human ortholog also correlates with IFNG expression in Th1 and natural killer cells, suggesting a role for this gene in initiating Th1 lineage development from naive Th precursor cells.

Expressed in the brain, with expression in the hippocampus, the neuropil in the dentate gyrus, where expression is higher in the outer half of the molecular layer than in the inner half, and in the neuropil of CA4 and CA3.

Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular, Cell Biology, Drug Metabolism, Heart Disease, Metabolic Signaling Pathways, Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Pathways and Processes, Redox Metabolism, Signal Transduction, Vascular Inflammation

Lineage-defining transcription factor which initiates Th1 lineage development from naive Th precursor cells both by activating Th1 genetic programs and by repressing the opposing Th2 and Th17 genetic programs. Activates transcription of a set of genes important for Th1 cell function, including those encoding IFN-gamma and the chemokine receptor CXCR3. Activates IFNG and CXCR3 genes in part by recruiting chromatin remodeling complexes including KDM6B, a SMARCA4-containing SWI/SNF-complex, and an H3K4me2-methyltransferase complex to their promoters and all of these complexes serve to establish a more permissive chromatin state conducive with transcriptional activation. Can activate Th1 genes also via recruitment of Mediator complex and P-TEFb (composed of CDK9 and CCNT1/cyclin-T1) in the form of the super elongation complex (SEC) to super-enhancers and associated genes in activated Th1 cells. Inhibits the Th17 cell lineage commitment by blocking RUNX1-mediated transactivation of Th17 cell-specific transcriptinal regulator RORC. Inhibits the Th2 cell lineage commitment by suppressing the production of Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL- 13, via repression of transcriptional regulators GATA3 and NFATC2. Protects Th1 cells from amplifying aberrant type-I IFN response in an IFN-gamma abundant microenvironment by acting as a repressor of type-I IFN transcription factors and type-I IFN-stimulated genes. Acts as a regulator of antiviral B-cell responses; controls chronic viral infection by promoting the antiviral antibody IgG2a isotype switching and via regulation of a broad antiviral gene expression program.

1. Akahoshi, M., Obara, K., Hirota, T., Matsuda, A., Hasegawa, K., Takahashi, N., Shimizu, M., Nakashima, K., Cheng, L., Doi, S., Fujiwara, H., Miyatake, A., and 10 others. Functional promoter polymorphism in the TBX21 gene associated with aspirin-induced asthma. Hum. Genet. 117: 16-26, 2005. 2. Woo, C. H., Shin, S. G., Koh, S. H., Lim, J. H. TBX21 participates in innate immune response by regulating Toll-like receptor 2 expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Molec. Oral Microbiol. 29: 233-243, 2014. 3. Yi, W., Zhang, P., Liang, Y., Zhou, Y., Shen, H., Fan, C., Moorman, J. P., Yao, Z. Q., Jia, Z., Zhang, Y. T-bet-mediated Tim-3 expression dampens monocyte function during chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Immunology 150: 301-311, 2016.