Anti-PPM1D/WIP1 Picoband® Antibody Fluoro488 Conjugated

Protein phosphatase 1D is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPM1D gene. It is mapped to 17q23.2. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PP2C family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases. PP2C family members are known to be negative regulators of cell stress response pathways. The expression of this gene is induced in a p53-dependent manner in response to various environmental stresses. While being induced by tumor suppressor protein TP53/p53, this phosphatase negatively regulates the activity of p38 MAP kinase, MAPK/p38, through which it reduces the phosphorylation of p53, and in turn suppresses p53-mediated transcription and apoptosis. This phosphatase thus mediates a feedback regulation of p38-p53 signaling that contributes to growth inhibition and the suppression of stress induced apoptosis. This gene is located in a chromosomal region known to be amplified in breast cancer. The amplification of this gene has been detected in both breast cancer cell line and primary breast tumors, which suggests a role of this gene in cancer development.

Protein phosphatase 1D; Protein phosphatase 2C isoform delta; PP2C-delta; Protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1 delta; p53-induced protein phosphatase 1; PPM1D; WIP1

Involved in the negative regulation of p53 expression. Required for the relief of p53-dependent checkpoint mediated cell cycle arrest. Binds to and dephosphorylates 'Ser-15' of TP53 and 'Ser-345' of CHEK1 which contributes to the functional inactivation of these proteins. Mediates MAPK14 dephosphorylation and inactivation. Is also an important regulator of global heterochromatin silencing and critical in maintaining genome integrity.

1. Jansen, S., Geuer, S., Pfundt, R., Brough, R., Ghongane, P., Herkert, J. C., Marco, E. J., Willemsen, M. H., Kleefstra, T., Hannibal, M., Shieh, J. T., Lynch, S. A., and 18 others. De novo truncating mutations in the last and penultimate exons of PPM1D cause an intellectual disability syndrome. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 100: 650-658, 2017. 2. Li, J., Yang, Y., Peng, Y., Austin, R. J., van Eyndhoven, W. G., Nguyen, K. C. Q., Gabriele, T., McCurrach, M. E., Marks, J. R., Hoey, T., Lowe, S. W., Powers, S. Oncogenic properties of PPM1D located within a breast cancer amplification epicenter at 17q23. Nature Genet. 31: 133-134, 2002. 3. Lu, X., Nannenga, B., Donehower, L. A. PPM1D dephosphorylates Chk1 and p53 and abrogates cell cycle checkpoints. Genes Dev. 19: 1162-1174, 2005.