Anti-PPM1A Picoband® Antibody Fluoro647 Conjugated

Protein phosphatase 1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPM1A gene. It is mapped to 14q23.1. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PP2C family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases. PP2C family members are known to be negative regulators of cell stress response pathways. This phosphatase dephosphorylates, and negatively regulates the activities of, MAP kinases and MAP kinase kinases. It has been shown to inhibit the activation of p38 and JNK kinase cascades induced by environmental stresses. This phosphatase can also dephosphorylate cyclin-dependent kinases, and thus may be involved in cell cycle control. Overexpression of this phosphatase is reported to activate the expression of the tumor suppressor gene TP53/p53, which leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.

Cancer, Cardiovascular, Fatty Acid Oxidation, Fatty Acids, Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, Lipids/Lipoproteins, Metabolic Signaling Pathways, Metabolism, Pathways and Processes, Redox Metabolism, Signal Transduction, Tumor Biomarkers

Enzyme with a broad specificity. Negatively regulates TGF-beta signaling through dephosphorylating SMAD2 and SMAD3, resulting in their dissociation from SMAD4, nuclear export of the SMADs and termination of the TGF-beta-mediated signaling. Dephosphorylates PRKAA1 and PRKAA2. Plays an important role in the termination of TNF-alpha-mediated NF-kappa-B activation through dephosphorylating and inactivating IKBKB/IKKB.

1. Lin, X., Duan, X., Liang, Y.-Y., Su, Y., Wrighton, K. H., Long, J., Hu, M., Davis, C. M., Wang, J., Brunicardi, F. C., Shi, Y., Chen, Y.-G., Meng, A., Feng, X.-H. PPM1A functions as a Smad phosphatase to terminate TGF-beta signaling. Cell 125: 915-928, 2006. Note: Editorial Expression of Concern: Cell 165: 498 only, 2016. Editoral Note: Cell 166: 1597 only, 2016. 2. Mann, D. J., Campbell, D. G., McGowan, C. H., Cohen, P. T. W. Mammalian protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2C: cDNA cloning and comparative analysis of amino acid sequences. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1130: 100-104, 1992. 3. Takekawa, M., Maeda, T., Saito, H. Protein phosphatase 2C-alpha inhibits the human stress-responsive p38 and JNK MAPK pathways. EMBO J. 17: 4744-4752, 1998.