Anti-PICALM Picoband® Antibody Fluoro647 Conjugated

Phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein, also known as PICALM, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PICALM gene. It is mapped to 11q14.2. This gene encodes a clathrin assembly protein, which recruits clathrin and adaptor protein complex 2 (AP2) to cell membranes at sites of coated-pit formation and clathrin-vesicle assembly. The protein may be required to determine the amount of membrane to be recycled, possibly by regulating the size of the clathrin cage. The protein is involved in AP2-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis at the neuromuscular junction. A chromosomal translocation t (10;11) (p13; q14) leading to the fusion of this gene and the MLLT10 gene is found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia and malignant lymphomas. The polymorphisms of this gene are associated with the risk of Alzheimer disease. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

In colorectal cancer tissue, expression is highest in the surface epithelium of normal colonic mucosa adjacent to the cancer tissue but is largely excluded from the crypt bases. Expression is lost or significantly decreased in 78% of tested tumors (at protein level) . Ubiquitously expressed in non-cancerous tissues.

Cytoplasmic adapter protein that plays a critical role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis which is important in processes such as internalization of cell receptors, synaptic transmission or removal of apoptotic cells. Recruits AP-2 and attaches clathrin triskelions to the cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane leading to clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) assembly. Furthermore, regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size and maturation by ly sensing and driving membrane curvature. In addition to binding to clathrin, mediates the endocytosis of small R-SNARES (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein REceptors) between plasma membranes and endosomes including VAMP2, VAMP3, VAMP4, VAMP7 or VAMP8. In turn, PICALM-dependent SNARE endocytosis is required for the formation and maturation of autophagic precursors. Modulates thereby autophagy and the turnover of autophagy substrates such as MAPT/TAU or amyloid precursor protein cleaved C-terminal fragment (APP-CTF) .

1. Morris, S. A., Schroder, S., Plessmann, U., Weber, K., Ungewickell, E. Clathrin assembly protein AP180: primary structure, domain organization and identification of a clathrin binding site. EMBO J. 12: 667-675, 1993. 2. Stern, J. A., White, S. N., Lehmkuhl, L. B., Reina-Doreste, Y., Ferguson, J. L., Nascone-Yoder, N. M., Meurs, K. M. A single codon insertion in PICALM is associated with development of familial subvalvular aortic stenosis in Newfoundland dogs. Hum. Genet. 133: 1139-1148, 2014. 3. Treusch, S., Hamamichi, S., Goodman, J. L., Matlack, K. E. S., Chung, C. Y., Baru, V., Shulman, J. M., Parrado, A., Bevis, B. J., Valastyan, J. S., Han, H., Lindhagen-Persson, M., and 9 others. Functional links between amyloid-beta toxicity, endocytic trafficking, and Alzheimer's disease risk factors in yeast. Science 334: 1241-1245, 2011.