Anti-SCOP/PHLPP1 Picoband® Antibody Fluoro647 Conjugated

The PHLPP isoforms (PH domain and Leucine rich repeat Protein Phosphatases) are a pair of protein phosphatases, PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, that are important regulators of Akt serine-threonine kinases (Akt1, Akt2, Akt3) and conventional/novel protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. It is mapped to 18q21.33. This gene encodes a member of the serine/threonine phosphatase family. The encoded protein promotes apoptosis by dephosphorylating and inactivating the serine/threonine kinase Akt, and functions as a tumor suppressor in multiple types of cancer. Increased expression of this gene may also play a role in obesity and type 2 diabetes by interfering with Akt-mediated insulin signaling.

PH domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein phosphatase 1; Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family E member 1; PH domain-containing family E member 1; Suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian oscillatory protein; hSCOP; PHLPP1; KIAA0606; PHLPP; PLEKHE1; SCOP

Protein phosphatase involved in regulation of Akt and PKC signaling. Mediates dephosphorylation in the C-terminal domain hydrophobic motif of members of the AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family; specifically acts on 'Ser-473' of AKT2 and AKT3, 'Ser-660' of PRKCB and 'Ser-657' of PRKCA. Isoform 2 seems to have a major role in regulating Akt signaling in hippocampal neurons. Akt regulates the balance between cell survival and apoptosis through a cascade that primarily alters the function of transcription factors that regulate pro- and antiapoptotic genes. Dephosphorylation of 'Ser-473' of Akt triggers apoptosis and suppression of tumor growth. Dephosphorylation of PRKCA and PRKCB leads to their destabilization and degradation. Dephosphorylates STK4 on 'Thr-387' leading to STK4 activation and apoptosis. Dephosphorylates RPS6KB1 and is involved in regulation of cap-dependent translation. Inhibits cancer cell proliferation and may act as a tumor suppressor. Dephosphorylates RAF1 inhibiting its kinase activity. May act as a negative regulator of K-Ras signaling in membrane rafts. Involved in the hippocampus-dependent long-term memory formation. Involved in circadian control by regulating the consolidation of circadian periodicity after resetting. Involved in development and function of regulatory T-cells.

1. Brognard, J., Sierecki, E., Gao, T., Newton, A. C. PHLPP and a second isoform, PHLPp2, differentially attenuate the amplitude of Akt signaling by regulating distinct Akt isoforms. Molec. Cell 25: 917-931, 2007. 2. Chen, H. H., Handel, N., Ngeow, J., Muller, J., Huhn, M., Yang, H.-T., Heindl, M., Berbers, R.-M., Hegazy, A. N., Kionke, J., Yehia, L., Sack, U., and 15 others. Immune dysregulation in patients with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.: analysis of FOXP3 regulatory T cells. J. Allergy Clin. Immun. 139: 607-620, 2017. 3. Cheng, H.-Y. M., Papp, J. W., Varlamova, O., Dziema, H., Russell, B., Curfman, J. P., Nakazawa, T., Shimizu, K., Okamura, H., Impey, S., Obrietan, K. microRNA modulation of circadian-clock period and entrainment. Neuron 54: 813-829, 2007.