Anti-CD59 Antibody Picoband® (monoclonal, 3C10) Fluoro488 Conjugated

This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein that regulates complement-mediated cell lysis, and it is involved in lymphocyte signal transduction. And this protein is a potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex, whereby it binds complement C8 and/or C9 during the assembly of this complex, thereby inhibiting the incorporation of multiple copies of C9 into the complex, which is necessary for osmolytic pore formation. It also plays a role in signal transduction pathways in the activation of T cells. Mutations in this gene cause CD59 deficiency, a disease resulting in hemolytic anemia and thrombosis, and which causes cerebral infarction. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode the same protein, have been identified for this gene.

CD59 glycoprotein: 1F5 antigen; 20 kDa homologous restriction factor; HRF-20; HRF20; MAC-inhibitory protein; MAC-IP; MEM43 antigen; Membrane attack complex inhibition factor; MACIF; Membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis; MIRL; Protectin; CD59; MIC11; MIN1; MIN2; MIN3; MSK21

Apoptosis, Cancer, Cardiovascular, G Protein Signaling, Heterotrimeric G Proteins, Neural Signal Transduction, Neurology Process, Neuroscience, Nucleotide Messenger, Second Messenger, Signal Transduction, Signaling Pathway, Small G Proteins

RNA-dependent helicase and ATPase required for nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons. Is recruited to mRNAs upon translation termination and undergoes a cycle of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation; its phosphorylation appears to be a key step in NMD. Recruited by release factors to stalled ribosomes together with the SMG1C protein kinase complex to form the transient SURF (SMG1-UPF1-eRF1-eRF3) complex. In EJC-dependent NMD, the SURF complex associates with the exon junction complex (EJC) (located 50-55 or more nucleotides downstream from the termination codon) through UPF2 and allows the formation of an UPF1-UPF2-UPF3 surveillance complex which is believed to activate NMD. Phosphorylated UPF1 is recognized by EST1B/SMG5, SMG6 and SMG7 which are thought to provide a link to the mRNA degradation machinery involving exonucleolytic and endonucleolytic pathways, and to serve as adapters to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), thereby triggering UPF1 dephosphorylation and allowing the recycling of NMD factors. UPF1 can also activate NMD without UPF2 or UPF3, and in the absence of the NMD-enhancing downstream EJC indicative for alternative NMD pathways. Plays a role in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation at the end of phase S; the function is independent of UPF2. For the recognition of premature termination codons (PTC) and initiation of NMD a competitive interaction between UPF1 and PABPC1 with the ribosome-bound release factors is proposed. The ATPase activity of UPF1 is required for disassembly of mRNPs undergoing NMD. Essential for embryonic viability.

1. Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein. 2. Ninomiya H, Sims PJ (1992) . The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the bdomain of C9. J. Biol. Chem. 267 (19) : 13675–80.