Anti-C9ORF72 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

C9orf72 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 72) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the gene C9orf72. It is mapped to 9p21.2. The protein encoded by this gene plays an important role in the regulation of endosomal trafficking, and has been shown to interact with Rab proteins that are involved in autophagy and endocytic transport. Expansion of a GGGGCC repeat from 2-22 copies to 700-1600 copies in the intronic sequence between alternate 5' exons in transcripts from this gene is associated with 9p-linked ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and FTD (frontotemporal dementia) (PMID: 21944778, 21944779) . Studies suggest that hexanucleotide expansions could result in the selective stabilization of repeat-containing pre-mRNA, and the accumulation of insoluble dipeptide repeat protein aggregates that could be pathogenic in FTD-ALS patients (PMID: 23393093) . Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the N-terminus of human C9ORF72, which shares 96.4% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with both mouse and rat C9ORF72.

Both isoforms are widely expressed, including kidney, lung, liver, heart, testis and several brain regions, such as cerebellum. Also expressed in the frontal cortex and in lymphoblasts (at protein level) .

Component of the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex, a complex that has guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity and regulates autophagy (PubMed:27193190, PubMed:27103069, PubMed:27617292, PubMed:28195531) . In the complex, C9orf72 and SMCR8 probably constitute the catalytic subunits that promote the exchange of GDP to GTP, converting inactive GDP-bound RAB8A and RAB39B into their active GTP-bound form, thereby promoting autophagosome maturation (PubMed:27103069) . The C9orf72-SMCR8 complex also acts as a regulator of autophagy initiation by interacting with the ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex and modulating its protein kinase activity (PubMed:27617292) . Positively regulates initiation of autophagy by regulating the RAB1A-dependent trafficking of the ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex to the phagophore which leads to autophagosome formation (PubMed:27334615) . Acts as a regulator of mTORC1 signaling by promoting phosphorylation of mTORC1 substrates (PubMed:27559131) . Plays a role in endosomal trafficking (PubMed:24549040) . May be involved in regulating the maturation of phagosomes to lysosomes (By similarity) . Regulates actin dynamics in motor neurons by inhibiting the GTP-binding activity of ARF6, leading to ARF6 inactivation (PubMed:27723745) . This reduces the activity of the LIMK1 and LIMK2 kinases which are responsible for phosphorylation and inactivation of cofilin, leading to cofilin activation (PubMed:27723745) . Positively regulates axon extension and axon growth cone size in spinal motor neurons (PubMed:27723745) . Plays a role within the hematopoietic system in restricting inflammation and the development of autoimmunity (By similarity) .Isoform 1: Regulates stress granule assembly in response to cellular stress.Isoform 2: Does not play a role in regulation of stress granule assembly in response to cellular stress.

1. DeJesus-Hernandez M, Mackenzie IR, Boeve BF, Boxer AL, Baker M, Rutherford NJ, Nicholson AM, Finch NA, Flynn H, Adamson J, Kouri N, Wojtas A, Sengdy P, Hsiung GY, Karydas A, Seeley WW, Josephs KA, Coppola G, Geschwind DH, Wszolek ZK, Feldman H, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Miller BL, Dickson DW, Boylan KB, Graff-Radford NR, Rademakers R (2011) . Expanded GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat in noncoding region of C9ORF72 causes chromosome 9p-linked FTD and ALS. Neuron. 72 (2) : 245–56. 2. Babić Leko, M; Župunski, V; Kirincich, J; Smilović, D; Hortobágyi, T; Hof, PR; Šimić, G (2019) . Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration Related to C9orf72 Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansion. Behavioural neurology. 2019: 2909168. doi:10.1155/2019/2909168. 3. Bigio EH (2011) . C9ORF72, the new gene on the block, causes C9FTD/ALS: new insights provided by neuropathology. Acta Neuropathol. 122 (6) : 653–5. doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0919-7.

Secreted; Lysosome; Endosome; Nucleus; Cytoplasm; P-body; Stress granule; autophagosome; axon; growth cone; Perikaryon; dendrite; Nucleus membrane; Peripheral membrane protein