Anti-SMAD2 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

Smad2 (Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2), also known as MADR2, MADH2, SMAD family member 2 or SMAD2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD2 gene. MAD homolog 2 belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. Eppert et al. mapped the MADR2 gene close to DPC4 at 18q21, a region which is frequently deleted in colorectal cancers. Riggins et al. mapped the human MADH2 gene to 18q21. Nakao et al. refined the localization of the SMAD2 gene to 18q21.1, approximately 3 Mb proximal to DPC4, by fluorescence in situ hybridization. SMAD2 mediates the signal of the transforming growth factor (TGF) -beta, and thus regulates multiple cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. This protein is recruited to the TGF-beta receptors through its interaction with the SMAD anchor for receptor activation (SARA) protein. In response to TGF-beta signal, this protein is phosphorylated by the TGF-beta receptors.

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; MAD homolog 2; Mothers against DPP homolog 2; JV18-1; Mad-related protein 2; hMAD-2; SMAD family member 2; SMAD 2; hSMAD2; Smad2; SMAD2; MADH2; MADR2

Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. May act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator.

1. Eppert, K., Scherer, S. W., Ozcelik, H., Pirone, R., Hoodless, P., Kim, H., Tsui, L.-C., Bapat, B., Gallinger, S., Andrulis, I. L., Thomsen, G. H., Wrana, J. L., Attisano, L.MADR2 maps to 18q21 and encodes a TGF-beta-regulated MAD-related protein that is functionally mutated in colorectal carcinoma.Cell 86: 543-552, 1996. 2. Nakao, A., Roijer, E., Imamura, T., Souchelnytskyi, S., Stenman, G., Heldin, C.-H., ten Dijke, P.Identification of Smad2, a human Mad-related protein in the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway.J. Biol. Chem. 272: 2896-2900, 1997. 3. Riggins, G. J., Thiagalingam, S., Rozenblum, E., Weinstein, C. L., Kern, S. E., Hamilton, S. R., Willson, J. K. V., Markowitz, S. D., Kinzler, K. W., Vogelstein, B.Mad-related genes in the human.Nature Genet. 13: 347-349, 1996.