Anti-PKC beta 1/PRKCB Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

Protein kinase C beta type is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKCB gene. It is a member of the protein kinase C (PKC) gene family. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. This protein kinase has been reported to be involved in many different cellular functions, such as B cell activation, apoptosis induction, endothelial cell proliferation, and intestinal sugar absorption. It has been found that PRKCB activated by oxidative conditions in the cell, induces phosphorylation of p66 (SHC) and triggers mitochondrial accumulation of the protein after it is recognized by the prolyl isomerase PIN1.

Domain Families, Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling, Protein Phosphorylation, Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, Signal Transduction, Transcription, Transcription Factors, Tyrosine Kinases, Zinc Finger

Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG) -dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various cellular processes such as regulation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) signalosome, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, androgen receptor-dependent transcription regulation, insulin signaling and endothelial cells proliferation. Plays a key role in B-cell activation by regulating BCR-induced NF-kappa-B activation. Mediates the activation of the canonical NF-kappa-B pathway (NFKB1) by phosphorylation of CARD11/CARMA1 at 'Ser-559', 'Ser-644' and 'Ser-652'. Phosphorylation induces CARD11/CARMA1 association with lipid rafts and recruitment of the BCL10-MALT1 complex as well as MAP3K7/TAK1, which then activates IKK complex, resulting in nuclear translocation and activation of NFKB1. Plays a role in the negative feedback regulation of the BCR signaling, by down-modulating BTK function via phosphorylation of BTK at 'Ser-180', which results in the alteration of BTK plasma membrane localization and in turn inhibition of BTK activity. Involved in apoptosis following oxidative damage: in case of oxidative conditions, specifically phosphorylates 'Ser-36' of isoform p66Shc of SHC1, leading to mitochondrial accumulation of p66Shc, where p66Shc acts as a reactive oxygen species producer. Acts as a coactivator of androgen receptor (ANDR) -dependent transcription, by being recruited to ANDR target genes and specifically mediating phosphorylation of 'Thr-6' of histone H3 (H3T6ph), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that prevents demethylation of histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) by LSD1/KDM1A. In insulin signaling, may function downstream of IRS1 in muscle cells and mediate insulin-dependent DNA synthesis through the RAF1-MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. May participate in the regulation of glucose transport in adipocytes by negatively modulating the insulin-stimulated translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4. Under high glucose in pancreatic beta-cells, is probably involved in the inhibition of the insulin gene transcription, via regulation of MYC expression. In endothelial cells, activation of PRKCB induces increased phosphorylation of RB1, increased VEGFA-induced cell proliferation, and inhibits PI3K/AKT-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS3/eNOS) regulation by insulin, which causes endothelial dysfunction. Also involved in triglyceride homeostasis (By similarity) . Phosphorylates ATF2 which promotes cooperation between ATF2 and JUN, activating transcription.

1. Entrez Gene: PRKCB1 protein kinase C, beta 1. 2. Pinton, P., Rimessi, A., Marchi, S., Orsini, F., Migliaccio, E., Giorgio, M., Contursi, C., Minucci, S., Mantovani, F., Wieckowski, M. R., Del Sal, G., Pelicci, P. G., Rizzuto, R. Protein kinase C-beta and prolyl isomerase 1 regulate mitochondrial effects of the life-span determinant p66 (Shc) Science 315: 659-663, 2007.