Anti-CUL2 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

Cullin 2 (CUL2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CUL2 gene. Using immunofluorescence, it is showed that CUL2 is a cytosolic protein that can be translocated to the nucleus by VHL. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, this gene is mapped to 10p11.2-p11.1, a region reported to show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in several forms of human cancer, including non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma. CUL2 may serve as a rigid scaffold in the complex and may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme.

Expressed by CD133-expressing progenitor cells among epidermal melanocytes (at protein level) . Widely expressed with specific expression in pigment cells. Highly expressed in several malignant tissues: highly expressed in clinical melanomas, with low expression in normal skin. In melanoma, marks malignant melanoma-initiating cells (MMIC), in which clinical virulence resides as a consequence of unlimited self-renewal capacity, resulting in inexorable tumor progression and metastasis. Also highly expressed in a number of leukemia cells. Expressed in basal limbal epithelium.

Cancer, Drug Metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Energy Transfer Pathways, Metabolic Signaling Pathways, Metabolism, Pathways and Processes, Signal Transduction, Tumor Biomarkers

Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based ECS (ElonginB/C-CUL2/5-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes, which mediate the ubiquitination of target proteins. ECS complexes and ARIH1 collaborate in tandem to mediate ubiquitination of target proteins (PubMed:27565346) . May serve as a rigid scaffold in the complex and may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of the complex is dependent on the neddylation of the cullin subunit and is inhibited by the association of the deneddylated cullin subunit with TIP120A/CAND1. The functional specificity of the ECS complex depends on the substrate recognition component. ECS (VHL) mediates the ubiquitination of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) .

1. Clifford, S. C., Walsh, S., Hewson, K., Green, E. K., Brinke, A., Green, P. M., Gianelli, F., Eng, C., Maher, E. R. Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the human CUL2 gene and the role of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor-binding protein (CUL2 and VBP1) mutation and loss in renal-cell carcinoma development. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 26: 20-28, 1999. 2. Lonergan, K. M., Iliopoulos, O., Ohh, M., Kamura, T., Conaway, R. C., Conaway, J. W., Kaelin, W. G., Jr.Regulation of hypoxia-inducible mRNAs by the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein requires binding to complexes containing elongins B/C and Cul2. Molec. Cell. Biol. 18: 732-741, 1998. 3. Pause, A., Lee, S., Worrell, R. A., Chen, D. Y. T., Burgess, W. H., Linehan, W. M., Klausner, R. D. The von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor gene product forms a stable complex with human CUL-2, a member of the Cdc53 family of proteins. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 94: 2156-2161, 1997.