Anti-TLR3 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro550 Conjugated

TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3) also known as CD283 (cluster of differentiation 283) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR3 gene. The TLR3 gene is mapped to chromosome 4q35 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. TLR3 is a member of the Toll-like receptor family of pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta and pancreas, and is restricted to the dendritic subpopulation of the leukocytes. It recognizes dsRNA associated with viral infection, and induces the activation of NF-κ B and the production of type I interferons. It may thus play a role in host defense against viruses. TLR3 recognizes double-stranded RNA, a form of genetic information carried by some viruses such as retroviruses. Upon recognition, TLR3 induces the activation of NF-κ B to increase production of type I interferons which signal other cells to increase their antiviral defenses. Double-stranded RNA is also recognised by the cytoplasmic receptors RIG-I and MDA-5. TLR3 displays a protective role in mouse models of atherosclerosis.[4] In addition, TLR3 activators show effects on human vascular cells.

Expressed at high level in placenta and pancreas. Also detected in CD11c+ immature dendritic cells. Only expressed in dendritic cells and not in other leukocytes, including monocyte precursors. TLR3 is the TLR that is expressed most strongly in the brain, especially in astrocytes, glia, and neurons.

Antiviral Signaling, Chemokines, Host-Virus Interaction, Immune System Diseases, Immunoglobulins, Immunology, Innate Immunity, Interspecies Interaction, Macrophage/Inflammation, Microbiology, NFKB Pathway, Nuclear Signaling, Receptors, Signal Transduction, Signaling Pathway, TLR Signaling

Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR3 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by double-stranded RNA, a sign of viral infection. Acts via the adapter TRIF/TICAM1, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, IRF3 nuclear translocation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response.

1. Edwards, A. O., Swaroop, A., Seddon, J. M.Geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration and TLR3. (Letter) New Eng. J. Med. 360: 2254-2255, 2009. 2. Muzio, M., Bosisio, D., Polentarutti, N., D'amico, G., Stoppacciaro, A., Mancinelli, R., van't Veer, C., Penton-Rol, G., Ruco, L. P., Allavena, P., Mantovani, A.Differential expression and regulation of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in human leukocytes: selective expression of TLR3 in dendritic cells.J. Immun. 164: 5998-6004, 2000. 3. Schulz, O., Diebold, S. S., Chen, M., Naslund, T. I., Nolte, M. A., Alexopoulou, L., Azuma, Y.-T., Flavell, R. A., Liljestrom, P., Sousa, C. R.Toll-like receptor 3 promotes cross-priming to virus-infected cells.Nature 433: 887-892, 2005.