Anti-Granzyme B/Gzmb Antibody Picoband® Fluoro550 Conjugated

Granzyme B is a serine protease that in humans is encoded by the GZMB gene. Granzyme B is expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells. CTL and NK cells share the remarkable ability to recognize specific infected target cells. They are thought to protect their host by inducing apoptosis of cells that bear on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein encoded by this gene is crucial for the rapid induction of target cell apoptosis by CTL in cell-mediated immune response.

Isoform A is expressed in fetal liver and in hematopoietic tissues and choroid plexus. In adults highest expression in heart, liver, small intestine, prostate and ovary. Low level in lung and kidney. Isoform B is highly expressed in hypothalamus.

This enzyme is necessary for target cell lysis in cell- mediated immune responses. It cleaves after Asp. Seems to be linked to an activation cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) responsible for apoptosis execution. Cleaves caspase-3, -7, -9 and 10 to give rise to active enzymes mediating apoptosis (By similarity) . .

1. Huang, C., Bi, E., Hu. Y., Deng, W., Tian, Z., Dong, C., Hu, Y., Sun, B.A novel NF-kappa-B binding site controls human granzyme B gene transcription.J. Immun. 176: 4173-4181, 2006. 2. Motyka, B., Korbutt, G., Pinkoski, M. J., Heibein, J. A., Caputo, A., Hobman, M., Barry, M., Shostak, I., Sawchuk, T., Holmes, C. F. B., Gauldie, J., Bleackley, R. C.Mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor is a death receptor for granzyme B during cytotoxic T cell-induced apoptosis.Cell 103: 491-500, 2000. 3. Winrow, C. J., Pankratz, D. G., Vibat, C. R. T., Bowen, T. J., Callahan, M. A., Warren, A. J., Hilbush, B. S., Wynshaw-Boris, A., Hasel, K. W., Weaver, Z., Lockhart, D. J., Barlow, C.Aberrant recombination involving the granzyme locus occurs in Atm-/- T-cell lymphomas.Hum. Molec. Genet. 14: 2671-2684, 2005.