Anti-TREM1 Antibody Fluoro488 Conjugated

Trem1, Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, is encoded by Trem1 gene. The expression of Trem1 is in monocytes and neutrophils but not in lymphocytes, dendritic cells, or other cell types. Trem1 is a 30-kD glycoprotein that is reduced to 26 kD by deglycosylation, in agreement with the predicted molecular mass. The Trem1 gene which contains 4 exons maps to chromosome 6p21.1, within a TREM gene cluster and the mouse Trem1 gene maps to chromosome 17 in a region that shows homology of synteny to human chromosome 6. The expression of Trem1 is upregulated by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Cross-linking of Trem1 on neutrophils induces interleukin-8 (IL8) and myeloperoxidase secretion, while cross-linking on monocytes induces not only secretion of IL8 but also of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1, or SCYA2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ; MCP1 and TNF secretion could be further upregulated by LPS-mediated priming. Trem1 engagement also induces upregulation of adhesion molecules (e.g., ITGB1) and costimulatory molecules (e.g., CD40) . Trem1 is associated with DAP12 (TYROBP), a molecule frequently associated with activating receptors.

Highly expressed in adult liver, lung and spleen than in corresponding fetal tissue. Also expressed in the lymph node, placenta, spinal cord and heart tissues. Expression is more elevated in peripheral blood leukocytes than in the bone marrow and in normal cells than malignant cells. Expressed at low levels in the early development of the hematopoietic system and in the promonocytic stage and at high levels in mature monocytes. Strongly expressed in acute inflammatory lesions caused by bacteria and fungi. Isoform 2 was detected in the lung, liver and mature monocytes.

Stimulates neutrophil and monocyte-mediated inflammatory responses. Triggers release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, as well as increased surface expression of cell activation markers. Amplifier of inflammatory responses that are triggered by bacterial and fungal infections and is a crucial mediator of septic shock.

1. Allcock, R. J. N., Barrow, A. D., Forbes, S., Beck, S., Trowsdale, J.The human TREM gene cluster at 6p21.1 encodes both activating and inhibitory single IgV domain receptors and includes NKp44.Europ. J. Immun. 33: 567-577, 2003. 2. Bouchon, A., Dietrich, J., Colonna, M.Cutting edge: inflammatory responses can be triggered by TREM-1, a novel receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes.J. Immun. 164: 4991-4995, 2000.