Anti-L-Arginine decarboxylase/AZIN2 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro647 Conjugated

Antizyme inhibitor 2 (AzI2), also known as arginine decarboxylase (ADC), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AZIN2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the antizyme inhibitor family, which plays a role in cell growth and proliferation by maintaining polyamine homeostasis within the cell. Antizyme inhibitors are homologs of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis) that have lost the ability to decarboxylase ornithine; however, retain the ability to bind to antizymes. Antizymes negatively regulate intracellular polyamine levels by binding to ODC and targeting it for degradation, as well as by inhibiting polyamine uptake. Antizyme inhibitors function as positive regulators of polyamine levels by sequestering antizymes and neutralizing their effect. This gene encodes antizyme inhibitor 2, the second member of this gene family. Like antizyme inhibitor 1, antizyme inhibitor 2 interacts with all 3 antizymes and stimulates ODC activity and polyamine uptake. However, unlike antizyme inhibitor 1, which is ubiquitously expressed and localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, antizyme inhibitor 2 is predominantly expressed in the brain and testis and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment. Recent studies indicate that antizyme inhibitor 2 is also expressed in specific cell types in ovaries, adrenal glands and pancreas, and in mast cells. The exact function of this gene is not known, however, available data suggest its role in cell growth, spermiogenesis, vesicular trafficking and secretion.

Antizyme inhibitor 2; AzI2; Arginine decarboxylase; ADC; ARGDC; Ornithine decarboxylase-like protein; ODC-like protein; ornithine decarboxylase paralog; ODC-p; AZIN2; ADC, KIAA1945, ODCP

Expressed in the neocortex, thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, gray and white matter. Expressed in neurons, oligodendrocytes, basket, Purkinje and pyramidal cells. Expressed in spermatocytes and Leydig cells of the testis. Expressed in luteal theca cells lining corpus luteum cysts and in hilus cells of the ovary. Expressed in primary and neoplastic mast cells (MC) (at protein level) . Highly expressed in brain. Also expressed in testis. .

Antizyme inhibitor protein that positively regulates ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and polyamine uptake by counteracting the negative effect of antizymes OAZ1, OAZ2 and OAZ3 on ODC1 activity (PubMed:17900240) . Inhibits antizyme-dependent ODC1 degradation by binding to antizymes. Releases ODC1 from its inactive complex with antizymes, leading to formation of the catalytically active ODC1. Participates in the morphological integrity of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and functions as a regulator of intracellular secretory vesicle trafficking (PubMed:20188728) . .

1. Pitkänen LT, Heiskala M, Andersson LC (2001) . Expression of a novel human ornithine decarboxylase-like protein in the central nervous system and testes.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 287 (5) : 1051–7. 2. Zhu MY, Iyo A, Piletz JE, Regunathan S (2004) . Expression of human arginine decarboxylase, the biosynthetic enzyme for agmatine. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1670 (2) : 156–64.

Nucleus. Cytoplasm . Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Membrane . Cytoplasmic vesicle. Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment . Golgi apparatus, cis-Golgi network . Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network. Cytoplasmic granule. Cell projection, axon. Cell projection, dendrite. Perikaryon. Colocalizes with KDEL receptors in ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) . Translocates from the ERGIC structure to the cytoplasm in a antizyme-dependent manner. Localizes with vesicle- associated membrane protein VAMP8 in the vicinity of the plasma membrane within serotonin-containing secretory granules (By similarity) . Detected as vesicle-like pattern in neurite outgrowths. Localizes to the vesicular compartments of the secretory pathway, predominantly in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) . Localizes with vesicle-associated membrane protein VAMP8 in the vicinity of the plasma membrane within serotonin-containing secretory granules. .