Anti-ISG15 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a 17 kDA secreted protein that in humans is encoded by the ISG15 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a ubiquitin-like protein that is conjugated to intracellular target proteins upon activation by interferon-alpha and interferon-beta. Several functions have been ascribed to the encoded protein, including chemotactic activity towards neutrophils, ion of ligated target proteins to intermediate filaments, cell-to-cell signaling, and antiviral activity during viral infections. While conjugates of this protein have been found to be noncovalently attached to intermediate filaments, this protein is sometimes secreted.

Ubiquitin-like protein ISG15; Interferon-induced 15 kDa protein; Interferon-induced 17 kDa protein; IP17; Ubiquitin cross-reactive protein; Isg15; G1p2, Ucrp

Ubiquitin-like protein which plays a key role in the innate immune response to viral infection either via its conjugation to a target protein (ISGylation) or via its action as a free or unconjugated protein. ISGylation involves a cascade of enzymatic reactions involving E1, E2, and E3 enzymes which catalyze the conjugation of ISG15 to a lysine residue in the target protein. Its target proteins include SERPINA3G/SPI2A, JAK1, MAPK3/ERK1, PLCG1, TRIM25, STAT5A, MAPK1/ERK2 and globin. Can also isgylate: DDX58/RIG-I which inhibits its function in antiviral signaling response and EIF4E2 which enhances its cap structure- binding activity and translation-inhibition activity. Exhibits antiviral activity towards both DNA and RNA viruses, including influenza A and B virus, sindbis virus (SV) and herpes simplex type-1 (HHV-1) . Plays a significant role in the control of neonatal Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection by acting as a putative immunomodulator of proinflammatory cytokines. Protects mice against the consequences of Chikungunya virus infection by downregulating the pathogenic cytokine response, often denoted as the cytokine storm. Plays a role in erythroid differentiation. The secreted form of ISG15 can: induce natural killer cell proliferation, act as a chemotactic factor for neutrophils and act as a IFN-gamma-inducing cytokine playing an essential role in antimycobacterial immunity. .

1. Entrez Gene: ISG15 ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier. 2. Blomstrom DC, Fahey D, Kutny R, Korant BD, Knight E Jr (Aug 1986) . Molecular characterization of the interferon-induced 15-kDa protein. Molecular cloning and nucleotide and amino acid sequence. J Biol Chem261 (19) : 8811–6. 3. Morales, David J.; Lenschow, Deborah J. (December 2013) . The Antiviral Activities of ISG15.Journal of Molecular Biology 425 (24) : 4995–5008.

Cytoplasm. Secreted . Exists in three distinct states: free within the cell, released into the extracellular space, or conjugated to target proteins. .