Anti-Rel B/RELB Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

RELB (v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B) is also known as IREL. The International Radiation Hybrid Mapping Consortium assigned the RELB gene to chromosome 19. By RT-PCR and immunocytochemical analyses, Clark et al. (1999) showed that RELB expression correlated with dendritic cell activation. NF-kappa-B-inducing kinase is required for osteoclastogenesis in response to pathologic stimuli. Vaira et al. (2008) found that overexpression of Relb, but not Rela, rescued differentiation of mouse Nik -/- osteoclast precursors, indicating that blockade of the alternative NF-kappa-B pathway, rather than the classical NF-kappa-B pathway, is responsible for the osteoclastogenic defect in the absence of Nik. Using Relb -/- mice, they showed that Relb itself was required for Rankl-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and for TNF-induced bone resorption in vivo. Both Relb -/- and Nik -/- mice were resistant to tumor-mediated osteolysis. Vaira et al. (2008) concluded that the alternative NF-kappa-B pathway, via RELB, plays an essential and unique role in RANKL signaling toward osteoclast development.

Cell Biology, Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling, Proteasome / Ubiquitin, Proteolysis/Ubiquitin, SCF Complex E3 Ligase, Ubiquitin & Ubiquitin Like Modifiers, Ubiquitin E3 Enzymes

NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor which is present in almost all cell types and is involved in many biological processed such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF- kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF- kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. NF-kappa-B heterodimeric RelB-p50 and RelB-p52 complexes are transcriptional activators. RELB neither associates with DNA nor with RELA/p65 or REL. Stimulates promoter activity in the presence of NFKB2/p49. As a member of the NUPR1/RELB/IER3 survival pathway, may provide pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with remarkable resistance to cell stress, such as starvation or gemcitabine treatment. Regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer in a CRY1/CRY2 independent manner. Increased repression of the heterodimer is seen in the presence of NFKB2/p52. .

1. Clark, G. J., Gunningham, S., Troy, A., Vuckovic, S., Hart, D. N.Expression of the RelB transcription factor correlates with the activation of human dendritic cells.Immunology 98: 189-196, 1999. 2. Ruben, S. M., Klement, J. F., Coleman, T. A., Maher, M., Chen, C.-H., Rosen, C. A.I-Rel: a novel rel-related protein that inhibits NF-kappa-B transcriptional activity.Genes Dev. 6: 745-760, 1992. 3. Vaira, S., Johnson, T., Hirbe, A. C., Alhawagri, M., Anwisye, I., Sammut, B., O'Neal, J., Zou, W., Weilbaecher, K. N., Faccio, R., Novack, D. V. RelB is the NF-kappa-B subunit downstream of NIK responsible for osteoclast differentiation.Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 105: 3897-3902, 2008.