Anti-PDK4 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

Pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDK4 gene. This gene is a member of the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family and encodes a mitochondrial protein with a histidine kinase domain. This protein is located in the matrix of the mitrochondria and inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylating one of its subunits, thereby contributing to the regulation of glucose metabolism. Expression of this gene is regulated by glucocorticoids, retinoic acid and insulin. In addition, PDK4 is increased in hibernation and helps to decrease metabolism and conserve glucose by decreasing its conversion to acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle and is converted to ATP.

A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the N-terminus of human PDK4, different from the related mouse and rat sequences by three amino acids.

Cancer, Energy Metabolism, Energy Transfer Pathways, Metabolic Signaling Pathways, Metabolism, Mitochondrial, Mitochondrial Markers, Mitochondrial Metabolism, Pathways and Processes, Signal Transduction

Kinase that plays a key role in regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and homeostasis via phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase subunits PDHA1 and PDHA2. This inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and thereby regulates metabolite flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, down-regulates aerobic respiration and inhibits the formation of acetyl-coenzyme A from pyruvate. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase decreases glucose utilization and increases fat metabolism in response to prolonged fasting and starvation. Plays an important role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels under starvation, and is involved in the insulin signaling cascade. Via its regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, plays an important role in maintaining normal blood pH and in preventing the accumulation of ketone bodies under starvation. In the fed state, mediates cellular responses to glucose levels and to a high-fat diet. Regulates both fatty acid oxidation and de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. Plays a role in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Protects detached epithelial cells against anoikis. Plays a role in cell proliferation via its role in regulating carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism. .

1. Entrez Gene: PDK4 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4. 2. Andrews MT, Squire TL, Bowen CM, Rollins MB (Jul 1998) . Low-temperature carbon utilization is regulated by novel gene activity in the heart of a hibernating mammal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 (14) : 8392–7. 3. Gudi R, Bowker-Kinley MM, Kedishvili NY, Zhao Y, Popov KM (Dec 1995) . Diversity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase gene family in humans.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 (48) : 28989–94.