Anti-SAPK4/MAPK13 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro647 Conjugated

MAPK13 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 13), also called p38-DELTA or Stress-Activated Protein Kinase 4 (SAPK4), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK13 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase is closely related to p38 MAP kinase, both of which can be activated by proinflammatory cytokines and cellular stress. MAP kinase kinases 3, and 6 can phosphorylate and activate this kinase. Transcription factor ATF2, and microtubule dynamics regulator stathmin have been shown to be the substrates of this kinase.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 13; MAP kinase 13; MAPK 13;2.7.11.24; Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 delta; MAP kinase p38 delta; Stress-activated protein kinase 4; MAPK13; PRKM13, SAPK4

A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the C-terminus of human SAPK4 , different from the related mouse sequence by two amino acids, and from the related rat sequence by three amino acids.

Expressed in testes, pancreas, small intestine, lung and kidney. Abundant in macrophages, also present in neutrophils, CD4+ T-cells, and endothelial cells. .

Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK13 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to activation of transcription factors such as ELK1 and ATF2. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. MAPK13 is one of the less studied p38 MAPK isoforms. Some of the targets are downstream kinases such as MAPKAPK2, which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. Plays a role in the regulation of protein translation by phosphorylating and inactivating EEF2K. Involved in cytoskeletal remodeling through phosphorylation of MAPT and STMN1. Mediates UV irradiation induced up-regulation of the gene expression of CXCL14. Plays an important role in the regulation of epidermal keratinocyte differentiation, apoptosis and skin tumor development. Phosphorylates the transcriptional activator MYB in response to stress which leads to rapid MYB degradation via a proteasome-dependent pathway. MAPK13 also phosphorylates and down-regulates PRKD1 during regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. .

1. Goedert, M., Cuenda, A., Craxton, M., Jakes, R., Cohen, P. Activation of the novel stress-activated protein kinase SAPK4 by cytokines and cellular stresses is mediated by SKK3 (MKK6) ; comparison of its substrate specificity with that of other SAP kinases. EMBO J. 16: 3563-3571, 1997. 2. Kumar, S., McDonnell, P. C., Gum, R. J., Hand, A. T., Lee, J. C., Young, P. R. Novel homologues of CSBP/p38 MAP kinase: activation, substrate specificity and sensitivity to inhibition by pyridinyl imidazoles. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 235: 533-538, 1997. 3. Wang, X. S., Diener, K., Manthey, C. L., Wang, S., Rosenzweig, B., Bray, J., Delaney, J., Cole, C. N., Chan-Hui, P.-Y., Mantlo, N., Lichenstein, H. S., Zukowski, M., Yao, Z. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 23668-23674, 1997.

Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix, basement membrane . Nucleus. Chromosome. Associated with chromatin. It is unclear how LOXL2 is nuclear: it contains a clear signal sequence and is predicted to localize in the extracellular medium. However, different reports confirmed the intracellular location and its key role in transcription regulation.