Anti-RANTES/CCL5 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (also CCL5) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL5 gene. It is also known as RANTES. This gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of the N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, functions as a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. It causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. This cytokine is one of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ cells. It functions as one of the natural ligands for the chemokine receptor chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5), and it suppresses in vitro replication of the R5 strains of HIV-1, which use CCR5 as a coreceptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms.

C-C motif chemokine 5; EoCP; Eosinophil chemotactic cytokine; SIS-delta; Small-inducible cytokine A5; T cell-specific protein P228; TCP228; T-cell-specific protein RANTES; RANTES (3-68) ; RANTES (4-68) ; CCL5; D17S136E, SCYA5

E. coli-derived human RANTES recombinant protein (Position: Y26-S91) . Human RANTES shares 83.3% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with both mouse and rat RANTES.

Chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T-helper cells and eosinophils. Causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. May activate several chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5. One of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) . The processed form RANTES (3-68) acts as a natural chemotaxis inhibitor and is a more potent inhibitor of HIV-1- infection. The second processed form RANTES (4-68) exhibits reduced chemotactic and HIV-suppressive activity compared with RANTES (1- 68) and RANTES (3-68) and is generated by an unidentified enzyme associated with monocytes and neutrophils (PubMed:16791620, PubMed:1380064, PubMed:8525373, PubMed:9516414, PubMed:15923218) . May also be an agonist of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR75, stimulating inositol trisphosphate production and calcium mobilization through its activation. Together with GPR75, may play a role in neuron survival through activation of a downstream signaling pathway involving the PI3, Akt and MAP kinases. By activating GPR75 may also play a role in insulin secretion by islet cells (PubMed:23979485) . .

1. Donlon TA, Krensky AM, Wallace MR, Collins FS, Lovett M, Clayberger C (March 1990) . Localization of a human T-cell-specific gene, RANTES (D17S136E), to chromosome 17q11.2-q12. Genomics 6 (3) : 548–53. 2. Maghazachi AA, Al-Aoukaty A, Schall TJ (February 1996) . CC chemokines induce the generation of killer cells from CD56+ cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 26 (2) : 315–9. 3. Song A, Nikolcheva T, Krensky AM (October 2000) . Transcriptional regulation of RANTES expression in T lymphocytes. Immunol. Rev. 177: 236–45.