Anti-TMEM173 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

Transmembrane protein 173 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM173 gene. This gene encodes a five transmembrane protein that functions as a major regulator of the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. The encoded protein is a pattern recognition receptor that detects cytosolic nucleic acids and transmits signals that activate type I interferon responses. Also the encoded protein has been shown to play a role in apoptotic signaling by associating with type II major histocompatibility complex. Mutations in this gene are the cause of infantile-onset STING-associated vasculopathy. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Stimulator of interferon genes protein; hSTING; Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator; ERIS; Mediator of IRF3 activation; hMITA; Transmembrane protein 173; TMEM173; ERIS, MITA, STING

Adapters, Antiviral Signaling, Cancer, Cytokines, Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling, Immune System Diseases, Immunology, Innate Immunity, Interferons, NFKB Pathway, Nuclear Signaling Pathways, Signal Transduction, Transmembrane

Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) . Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double- stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm. Acts by recognizing and binding cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced in response to DNA virus in the cytosol: upon binding of c-di-GMP or cGAMP, autoinhibition is alleviated and TMEM173/STING is able to activate both NF-kappa-B and IRF3 transcription pathways to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state. May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons. May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) . Mediates death signaling via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Essential for the induction of IFN-beta in response to human herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1) infection. .

1. Entrez Gene: Transmembrane protein 173. 2. Ishikawa, H; Barber, G. N. (2008) . STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling.Nature 455 (7213) : 674–8. 3. Nazmi, A; Mukhopadhyay, R; Dutta, K; Basu, A (2012) .STING mediates neuronal innate immune response following Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Scientific Reports 2: 347.

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Mitochondrion outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell membrane ; Multi-pass membrane protein . Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Cytoplasm. In response to double-stranded DNA stimulation, relocalizes to perinuclear region, where the kinase TBK1 is recruited.