Anti-Rac1 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

Rac1, also known as Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, is a protein found in human cells. It is encoded by the RAC1gene. This gene can produce a variety of alternatively splicedversions of the Rac1 protein, which appear to carry out different functions. This gene is a GTPase which belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Isoform B is predominantly identified in skin and epithelial tissues from the intestinal tract. Its expression is elevated in colorectal tumors at various stages of neoplastic progression, as compared to their respective adjacent tissues.

Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. Stimulates PKN2 kinase activity. In concert with RAB7A, plays a role in regulating the formation of RBs (ruffled borders) in osteoclasts. In glioma cells, promotes cell migration and invasion. In podocytes, promotes nuclear shuttling of NR3C2; this modulation is required for a proper kidney functioning. Required for atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2-induced LIMK1-PAK1-dependent phosphorylation of cofilin (CFL1) and for up-regulation of ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. In synapses, seems to mediate the regulation of F-actin cluster formation performed by SHANK3.

1. Didsbury J, Weber RF, Bokoch GM, Evans T, Snyderman R (October 1989) . rac, a novel ras-related family of proteins that are botulinum toxin substrates. J. Biol. Chem. 264 (28) : 16378–82. 2. Jordan P, Brazåo R, Boavida MG, Gespach C, Chastre E (November 1999) . Cloning of a novel human Rac1b splice variant with increased expression in colorectal tumors.Oncogene 18 (48) : 6835–9. 3. Zhou C, Licciulli S, Avila JL, Cho M, Troutman S, Jiang P, Kossenkov AV, Showe LC, Liu Q, Vachani A, Albelda SM, Kissil JL (February 2013) . The Rac1 splice form Rac1b promotes K-ras-induced lung tumorigenesis. Oncogene 32 (7) : 903–9.

Cell membrane ; Lipid-anchor ; Cytoplasmic side . Melanosome . Cytoplasm . Inner surface of plasma membrane possibly with attachment requiring prenylation of the C-terminal cysteine (By similarity) . Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV. Found in the ruffled border (a late endosomal-like compartment in the plasma membrane) of bone-resorbing osteoclasts (By similarity) . .