Anti-PARK7/DJ1 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro488 Conjugated

Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7, also known as DJ1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PARK7 gene. PARK7 belongs to the peptidase C56 family of proteins. PARK7 is mapped to chromosome 1p36. It acts as a positive regulator of androgen receptor-dependent transcription. It is also involved in tumorigenesis and in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. This gene may also function as a redox-sensitive chaperone, as a sensor foroxidative stress, and it apparently protects neurons against oxidative stress and cell death. It has been found that PARK7 mutations that impair transcriptional coactivator function can render dopaminergic neurons vulnerable to apoptosis and may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.

E.coli-derived human PARK7 recombinant protein (Position: A2-D189) . Human PARK7 shares 91% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with both mouse and rat PARK7.

Highly expressed in pancreas, kidney, skeletal muscle, liver, testis and heart. Detected at slightly lower levels in placenta and brain (at protein level) . Detected in astrocytes, Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatids and spermatozoa. .

Protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated amino acids and proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteines, arginines and lysines residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Acts on early glycation intermediates (hemithioacetals and aminocarbinols), preventing the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) (PubMed:25416785) . Plays an important role in cell protection against oxidative stress and cell death acting as oxidative stress sensor and redox-sensitive chaperone and protease; functions probably related to its primary function (PubMed:17015834, PubMed:20304780, PubMed:18711745, PubMed:12796482, PubMed:19229105, PubMed:25416785) . It is involved in neuroprotective mechanisms like the stabilization of NFE2L2 and PINK1 proteins, male fertility as a positive regulator of androgen signaling pathway as well as cell growth and transformation through, for instance, the modulation of NF-kappa-B signaling pathway (PubMed:12612053, PubMed:15502874, PubMed:14749723, PubMed:17015834, PubMed:21097510, PubMed:18711745) . Its involvement in protein repair could also explain other unrelated functions. Eliminates hydrogen peroxide and protects cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death (PubMed:16390825) . Required for correct mitochondrial morphology and function as well as for autophagy of dysfunctional mitochondria (PubMed:19229105, PubMed:16632486) . Plays a role in regulating expression or stability of the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins SLC25A14 and SLC25A27 in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and attenuates the oxidative stress induced by calcium entry into the neurons via L-type channels during pacemaking (PubMed:18711745) . Regulates astrocyte inflammatory responses, may modulate lipid rafts-dependent endocytosis in astrocytes and neuronal cells (PubMed:23847046) . Binds to a number of mRNAs containing multiple copies of GG or CC motifs and partially inhibits their translation but dissociates following oxidative stress (PubMed:18626009) . Metal-binding protein able to bind copper as well as toxic mercury ions, enhances the cell protection mechanism against induced metal toxicity (PubMed:23792957) . .

1. Bonifati, V., Rizzu, P., van Baren, M. J., Schaap, O., Breedveld, G. J., Krieger, E., Dekker, M. C. J., Squitieri, F., Ibanez, P., Joosse, M., van Dongen, J. W., Vanacore, N., van Swieten, J. C., Brice, A., Meco, G., van Duijn, C. M., Oostra, B. A., Heutink, P. Mutations in the DJ-1 gene associated with autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism. Science 299: 256-259, 2003. 2. Ottolini, D., Cali, T., Negro, A., Brini, M. The Parkinson disease-related protein DJ-1 counteracts mitochondrial impairment induced by the tumour suppressor protein p53 by enhancing endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria tethering. Hum. Molec. Genet. 22: 2152-2168, 2013. 3. Xu, J., Zhong, N., Wang, H., Elias, J. E., Kim, C. Y., Woldman, I., Pifl, C., Gygi, S. P., Geula, C., Yankner, B. A. The Parkinson's disease-associated DJ-1 protein is a transcriptional co-activator that protects against neuronal apoptosis. Hum. Molec. Genet. 14: 1231-1241, 2005.

Cell membrane ; Lipid-anchor . Cytoplasm . Nucleus . Membrane raft . Mitochondrion . Under normal conditions, located predominantly in the cytoplasm and, to a lesser extent, in the nucleus and mitochondrion. Translocates to the mitochondrion and subsequently to the nucleus in response to oxidative stress and exerts an increased cytoprotective effect against oxidative damage (PubMed:18711745) . Detected in tau inclusions in brains from neurodegenerative disease patients (PubMed:14705119) . Membrane raft localization in astrocytes and neuronal cells requires palmitoylation. .