Anti-HRG Antibody Picoband®

Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HRG gene. It is mapped to 3q27.3. HRG contains two cystatin-like domains and is located in plasma and platelets. The protein can bind heme, dyes and divalent metal ions. It also can inhibit rosette formation and interacts with heparin, thrombospondin and plasminogen. Two of the protein's effects, the inhibition of fibrinolysis and the reduction of inhibition of coagulation, indicate a potential prothrombotic effect. Mutations in this gene lead to thrombophilia due to abnormal histidine-rich glycoprotein levels. HRG is thought to have multiple roles as a protein in the human blood, including roles in immunity, angiogenesis and coagulation.

E.coli-derived human HRG recombinant protein (Position: V19-V200) . Human HRG shares 71% and 69% amino acid (aa) sequences identity with mouse and rat HRG, respectively.

Plasma glycoprotein that binds a number of ligands such as heme, heparin, heparan sulfate, thrombospondin, plasminogen, and divalent metal ions. Binds heparin and heparin/glycosaminoglycans in a zinc-dependent manner. Binds heparan sulfate on the surface of liver, lung, kidney and heart endothelial cells. Binds to N-sulfated polysaccharide chains on the surface of liver endothelial cells. Inhibits rosette formation. Acts as an adapter protein and is implicated in regulating many processes such as immune complex and pathogen clearance, cell chemotaxis, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Mediates clearance of necrotic cells through enhancing the phagocytosis of necrotic cells in a heparan sulfate-dependent pathway. This process can be regulated by the presence of certain HRG ligands such as heparin and zinc ions. Binds to IgG subclasses of immunoglobins containing kappa and lambda light chains with different affinities regulating their clearance and inhibiting the formation of insoluble immune complexes. Tethers plasminogen to the cell surface. Binds T-cells and alters the cell morphology. Modulates angiogenesis by blocking the CD6-mediated antiangiongenic effect of thrombospondins, THBS1 and THBS2. Acts as a regulator of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway; inhibits endothelial cell motility by reducing VEGF-induced complex formation between PXN/paxillin and ILK/integrin-linked protein kinase and by promoting inhibition of VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinases and alpha-actinins in endothelial cells. Also plays a role in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and tumor immune surveillance. Normalizes tumor vessels and promotes antitumor immunity by polarizing tumor-associated macrophages, leading to decreased tumor growth and metastasis. .

1. Hennis BC, Kluft C (Sep 1991) . KpnI RFLP in the human histidine-rich glycoprotein gene. Nucleic Acids Res 19 (15) : 4311–4311. 2. Entrez Gene: HRG histidine-rich glycoprotein 3. Poon IK, Patel KK, Davis DS, Parish CR, Hulett MD (2011) . Histidine-rich glycoprotein: the Swiss Army knife of mammalian plasma. Blood 117 (7) : 2093–101.

Store at -20°C for one year from date of receipt. After reconstitution, at 4°C for one month. It can also be aliquotted and stored frozen at -20°C for six months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.