Anti-ATF2 Antibody Picoband® Fluoro647 Conjugated

ATF2, also known as Activating transcription factor 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATF2 gene. It is mapped to 2q31.1. This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins. This protein binds to the cAMP-responsive element (CRE), an octameric palindrome. The protein forms a homodimer or heterodimer with c-Jun and stimulates CRE-dependent transcription. The protein is also a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro, thus, it may represent a class of sequence-specific factors that activate transcription by effects on chromatin components. Additional transcript variants have been identified but their biological validity has not been determined.

Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2; cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2;2.3.1.48 ; Activating transcription factor 2; Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 2; CREB-2; cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 2; HB16; Histone acetyltransferase ATF2; cAMP response element-binding protein CRE-BP1; ATF2; CREB2, CREBP1

E.coli-derived human ATF2 recombinant protein (Position: E93-E450) . Human ATF2 shares 99% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with both mouse and rat ATF2.

Transcriptional activator which regulates the transcription of various genes, including those involved in anti- apoptosis, cell growth, and DNA damage response. Dependent on its binding partner, binds to CRE (cAMP response element) consensus sequences (5'-TGACGTCA-3') or to AP-1 (activator protein 1) consensus sequences (5'-TGACTCA-3') . In the nucleus, contributes to global transcription and the DNA damage response, in addition to specific transcriptional activities that are related to cell development, proliferation and death. In the cytoplasm, interacts with and perturbs HK1- and VDAC1-containing complexes at the mitochondrial outer membrane, thereby impairing mitochondrial membrane potential, inducing mitochondrial leakage and promoting cell death. The phosphorylated form (mediated by ATM) plays a role in the DNA damage response and is involved in the ionizing radiation (IR) -induced S phase checkpoint control and in the recruitment of the MRN complex into the IR-induced foci (IRIF) . Exhibits histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity which specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro. In concert with CUL3 and RBX1, promotes the degradation of KAT5 thereby attenuating its ability to acetylate and activate ATM. Can elicit oncogenic or tumor suppressor activities depending on the tissue or cell type. .

1. Entrez Gene: ATF2 activating transcription factor 2 2. Bhoumik A, Takahashi S, Breitweiser W, Shiloh Y, Jones N, Ronai Z (May 2005) . ATM-dependent phosphorylation of ATF2 is required for the DNA damage response. Mol. Cell 18 (5) : 577–87.

Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Mitochondrion outer membrane. Shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus and heterodimerization with JUN is essential for the nuclear localization. Localization to the cytoplasm is observed under conditions of cellular stress and in disease states. Localizes at the mitochondrial outer membrane in response to genotoxic stress. Phosphorylation at Thr-52 is required for its nuclear localization and negatively regulates its mitochondrial localization. Co- localizes with the MRN complex in the IR-induced foci (IRIF) .