Lipopolysaccharides, from Akkermansia muciniphila

Lipopolysaccharides, from Akkermansia muciniphila (LPS, from Akkermansia muciniphila) are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins derived from Akkermansia muciniphila and are TLR-4 activators. Unlike typical LPS, Lipopolysaccharides, from Akkermansia muciniphila are R-type LPS or lipooligosaccharides (LOS), lacking the O-antigen domain and consisting only of a core oligosaccharide and a lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from Akkermansia muciniphila can activate TLR4 and TLR2, and may inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, thereby alleviating LPS-induced acute kidney injury[1][2]. It is recommended to prepare a solution with concentration ≥2 mg/mL. Vortex thoroughly for more than 10 minutes. Due to the adsorption characteristics of LPS, silanized container or low adsorption centrifuge tubes should be used for aliquoting and storage, and mix thoroughly before use.