Metformin-13C2 (hydrochloride)

Metformin-13C2 (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-13C2) hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A) . Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].

Product Specifications

Product Name Alternative

1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-13C2 (hydrochloride)

UNSPSC

12352211

Target

AMPK; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Isotope-Labeled Compounds; Mitophagy; mTOR

Related Pathways

Apoptosis; Autophagy; Epigenetics; Others; PI3K/Akt/mTOR

Field of Research

Cancer; Metabolic Disease; Cardiovascular Disease

Smiles

[13CH3]N(C(NC(N)=N)=N)[13CH3].Cl

Molecular Formula

C2 13C2H12ClN5

Molecular Weight

167.61

References & Citations

[1]Soraya H, et al. Acute treatment with metformin improves cardiac function following NSC 37745 induced myocardial infarction in rats. Pharmacol Rep. 2012;64 (6) :1476-84. |[2]Quaile MP, et al. Toxicity and toxicokinetics of metformin in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2010 Mar 15;243 (3) :340-7.|[3]Xue J, et al. Metformin inhibits growth of eutopic stromal cells from adenomyotic endometrium via AMPK activation and subsequent inhibition of AKT phosphorylation: a possible role in the treatment of adenomyosis. Reproduction. 2013 Aug 21;146 (4) :397-406.|[4]Otto M, et al. Metformin inhibits glycogen synthesis and gluconeogenesis in cultured rat hepatocytes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2003 May;5 (3) :189-94. |[5]Avci CB, et al. Therapeutic potential of an anti-diabetic drug, metformin: alteration of miRNA expression in prostate cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14 (2) :765-8. |[6]Abdel-Zaher AO, et al. Novel mechanistic insights of the potential role of gasotransmitters and autophagy in the protective effect of metformin against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 Feb 6.