Metformin (hydrochloride) (Standard)

Metformin hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Metformin (hydrochloride) . This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].

Product Specifications

CAS Number

[1115-70-4]

Product Name Alternative

1,1-Dimethylbiguanide (hydrochloride) (Standard)

UNSPSC

12352211

Target

AMPK; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Mitophagy; mTOR; Reference Standards

Type

Reference Standards

Related Pathways

Apoptosis; Autophagy; Epigenetics; Others; PI3K/Akt/mTOR

Applications

Cancer-Kinase/protease

Field of Research

Metabolic Disease; Cardiovascular Disease; Cancer

Assay Protocol

https://www.medchemexpress.com/metformin-hydrochloride-standard.html

Purity

99.97

Solubility

DMSO : ≥ 1.7 mg/mL

Smiles

NC(NC(N(C)C)=N)=N.Cl

Molecular Formula

C4H12ClN5

Molecular Weight

165.62

References & Citations

[1]Soraya H, et al. Acute treatment with metformin improves cardiac function following NSC 37745 induced myocardial infarction in rats. Pharmacol Rep. 2012;64 (6) :1476-84.|[2]Xue J, et al. Metformin inhibits growth of eutopic stromal cells from adenomyotic endometrium via AMPK activation and subsequent inhibition of AKT phosphorylation: a possible role in the treatment of adenomyosis. Reproduction. 2013 Aug 21;146 (4) :397-406.|[3]Otto M, et al. Metformin inhibits glycogen synthesis and gluconeogenesis in cultured rat hepatocytes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2003 May;5 (3) :189-94.|[4]Avci CB, et al. Therapeutic potential of an anti-diabetic drug, metformin: alteration of miRNA expression in prostate cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14 (2) :765-8.|[5]Quaile MP, et al. Toxicity and toxicokinetics of metformin in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2010 Mar 15;243 (3) :340-7.|[6]Abdel-Zaher AO, et al. Novel mechanistic insights of the potential role of gasotransmitters and autophagy in the protective effect of metformin against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 Feb 6.|[7]Liu J, et al. Metformin inhibits renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo xenograft. Urol Oncol. 2013 Feb;31 (2) :264-70.